Who is an Orthopedic Surgeon?

His or her specialties are.:

What diseases does an orthopedic surgeon treat?

Common problems in orthopedics are:

• Postural symptoms – scoliosis, lordosis, kyphosis;
• Neck curvature - torticollis;
• congenital malformations – dwarfism, clubfoot, flatfoot, hip dislocation, arthrogryposis, hip dysplasia;
• Joint deformations caused by acute and chronic processes – osteochondrosis of the spine, arthrosis, articular head necrosis, deforming arthrosis;
• Benign bone tumors - cysts, tumors, Ewing's tumor, osteogenic sarcoma, chondrosarcoma;
• trauma, fractures, dislocations, sprains, soft tissue contusions, partial or total loss of limbs;
• Osteoarthritis, synovitis, characterized by an inflammatory process in the articular capsule and in the joint;
• Bone damage of autoimmune origin - rheumatoid arthritis leading to disability.

The various therapies that orthopedists use in their practice are individually tailored to the respective disease.

Which doctors practice orthopedics?

The specifics of the work of an orthopedist are different.

An orthopedist is a specialist who corrects inflammatory and dystrophic joint diseases, congenital and acquired deformities and injuries using conservative treatment methods: prostheses, orthoses, medication, massage and physiotherapy. With this range of medical options, the orthopedist treats minor injuries such as closed fractures, scoliosis or flat feet, and compensates for serious pathologies that cannot be completely cured, such as muscle spasticity in cerebral palsy or the loss of a limb.

A traumatologist treats acute, acquired injuries—fractures, sprains, dislocations—all things that a general orthopedic surgeon does, since medical school graduates receive a general specialization as an orthopedic traumatologist.

An orthopedic surgeon treats musculoskeletal problems with a radical approach. It is used when conservative treatment fails, ie open and complicated fractures, joint destruction, short limbs or limbs of different lengths and skeletal deformities that impair the function of internal organs.

Orthopedics also includes closely related specialties:

• Endoprosthetics - replacement of lost or non-functional structures with artificial prostheses;
• Rehabilitation – a set of therapeutic measures aimed at restoring or compensating for bodily functions;
• Sports medicine – the field that deals with the training of athletes;
• Podiatry is the branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of foot and lower limb disorders;
• Vertebrology - a branch of medicine that deals with the study of diseases of the spine.

The work of the musculoskeletal system is directly related to the functioning of the internal organs, which is why the orthopedist refers patients with osteoporosis, intervertebral hernias, rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis to specialists. In most cases, the orthopedist will refer you to a neurologist, endocrinologist, or immunologist.

Scheduling an appointment with an orthopedic surgeon

To make an appointment for an orthopedic procedure or diagnosis, simply press a button and enter your contact information.

The operator listens to you and forwards the call to the appropriate clinic or takes an appointment request with the desired specialist.

Alternatively, you can also press the green 'Book online' button and leave your phone number. An operator will call you back within 15 minutes to find the right specialist for your needs.

Appointments are currently being made with specialists and clinics in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

Who are orthopedists, orthopedic traumatologists and orthopedic surgeons?

The orthopedist – is a doctor specializing in orthopaedics, that is the branch of medicine dealing with the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of people suffering from various malformations of the bones, muscles, joints or ligaments. That is, if for any reason a person has a deformation of the bones, joints, ligaments or muscles, it is the podiatrist who deals with the correction of such defects.

Various deformations of the musculoskeletal system can arise for different reasons, such as B. by trauma, congenital defects, long-term inflammatory diseases, etc. Regardless of the cause of the misalignment of the musculoskeletal system, however, an orthopedist is responsible for correcting it.

Orthopedics is closely related to another branch of medicine, traumatology, which deals with the diagnosis and treatment of various injuries to muscles, bones, joints and ligaments. However, traumatologists recognize and treat 'fresh' injuries to the musculoskeletal system, such as fractures, dislocations, torn muscles and tendons, etc. Orthopedists, on the other hand, recognize and treat deformities of bones, muscles and joints that have arisen relatively long ago and have had time to heal to fix themselves in an abnormal position.

Due to the close relationship between traumatology and orthopedics, these medical disciplines have been combined into one specialty. This means that a physician who has completed an internship or residency in orthopedics and traumatology is qualified to practice podiatry. After completing the internship or specialist training, the doctor can work in the field of orthopedics or traumatology. You can't just complete an internship or specialist training in orthopedics or traumatology and thus qualify as an 'orthopaedist' or 'traumatologist'. These disciplines form a common specialty, as do obstetrics and gynaecology.

Which organs does the orthopedist treat?

An orthopedic surgeon treats the feet and hands, shoulder blades, back, arm bones, and joints (hips and knees).

Conditions treated by podiatrists

The most common diseases treated by orthopedic surgeons in their practice are:

• Congenital malformations such as: torticollis, hip dysplasia;
• Foot disorders: clubfoot, torsion, flatfoot;
• Arthrosis, synovitis, characterized by an inflammatory process in the articular capsule and in the joint;
• dislocations and fractures;
• osteochondrosis of the spine; (Also read: Causes, Symptoms and Prevention of Osteochondrosis)
• Ewing's tumor;
• Bone damage of autoimmune origin - rheumatoid arthritis becomes a cause of disability;
• osteogenic sarcomas;
• chondromysarcoma;
• deformed osteosis, etc.

When should you see an orthopedist?

The above diseases are not a complete list of musculoskeletal disorders. The variety of diseases determines the variety of treatment methods that the orthopedist uses in his practice. After all, it is part of its competence to eliminate diseases of the bones, joints and surrounding tissues, the etiology of which is different: they are caused by previous infections or injuries suffered, and congenital defects cannot be ruled out either. Acquired diseases are mostly due to work-related injuries or metabolic disorders. In infectious bone and joint diseases, they occur either as a concomitant disease of an inflammation or as a complication of an existing disease.

Bone diseases usually do not progress quickly, which is why the first symptoms should already alarm and prompt a visit to the doctor. Also, the first symptoms of the disease are often unclear, and if they appear clearly, this indicates a very advanced pathological process, which is characterized by extensive damage to the musculoskeletal system. For this reason, visits to the orthopedist should become routine from an early age.

Orthopedist and trauma surgeon: when is it necessary?

A visit to the orthopedist may be necessary if:

• The consequences of polio;
• Consequences of primary fractures, secondary fractures;
• Periodic pain in the spine;
• pain in the joints and lower limbs;
• Frostbite of limbs, sprains and bruises, insect or animal bites;
• Deformities and dysfunctions of all parts of the musculoskeletal system.

Sometimes the treatment does not require opening the soft tissues and gaining access to the bone. The specialist in orthopedics and accident surgery has a closed surgical technique called redression. It is performed manually and consists of several steps that correct the deformation of the joint components. Diseases that can be treated with this method include clubfoot, fractures, rickets, contractures, limb stiffness, etc. However, it is not always applicable, only in certain cases determined by the doctor.

When to seek help

A visit to the podiatrist should be made regularly. A general medical examination should be carried out once or twice a year in order to monitor one's own body and prevent health problems at an early stage. Bone abnormalities can develop over years without causing much discomfort or pain to the patient. Therefore, frequent diagnosis is essential for musculoskeletal health.

An unplanned visit to an orthopedist can become unexpectedly necessary. Did you or your child get injured while playing sports, have a sore limb for no apparent reason, or just been out in the cold for a while? See an orthopedist to rule out a serious condition or treat it immediately.

Strains, bruises, animal bites, deformities of the limbs, spine and torso as well as impairments of the small or large joints should also be diagnosed urgently.

The most important rule is: pain should not be tolerated. Crunching joints, numbness or swelling in the hands, painful movements, occasional pain throughout the body, easy fatigue or poor posture significantly affect a person's quality of life. Take care of your own well-being, don't wait for the pain to go away on its own or develop into chronic pain - see an orthopedist.

People who are active in sports, engage in extreme leisure activities, or work in strenuous conditions (e.g. at work) should see an orthopedist more often because they belong to a risk group.

diagnostic methods and therapy

At the first consultation, the podiatrist listens to the patient's complaints, performs a visual examination, determines the range of motion and orders the necessary examinations. X-rays are the most common form of examination to confirm or refute the diagnosis. In some cases, an MRI or CT scan is required to get a clearer and better picture. In addition to the diagnostic tests, the orthopedist will refer you for general urine and blood tests.

A therapy plan is drawn up based on these results. This is individually tailored to each patient. Some require surgery, others antibiotics or massage, and still others require lifestyle changes. The most important thing is not to self-medicate, but to strictly follow the doctor's recommendations.

treatment methods

The choice of treatment method depends on the disease, the condition of the body, the patient's preferences and financial capabilities:

• Teeth that have lost their original appearance due to cracking, discoloration or chipping are restored with veneers. Thin plates give the damaged tooth an ideal appearance. Veneers can reduce tooth gaps and optically adjust the row of teeth. Veneers are placed when most of the tooth is healthy and intact.
• If part of the tooth is chipped, it is restored with a crown inlay. Microdents are firmly bonded to the tooth and help restore full chewing ability.
• If a large part of the tooth is missing, it is restored with a crown. The tooth is ground down and an artificial crown is put on. There are metal-ceramic, metal, ceramic, porcelain, gold and zirconia crowns. Multiple lost teeth can be restored with bridges.
• If the root of a tooth is also lost, implants can be used. A post is implanted in the bone, on which a crown is later placed.

In many cases, a comprehensive concept is required, ie a combination of several prosthetic procedures. Modern orthopedic dentistry enables patients of all ages to have a beautiful smile and restore their chewing function.

Treatment methods in prosthetics

An orthopedic surgeon with a particular specialty can treat a patient with a diagnosed condition with conservative therapy or surgery.

1. In the first case, the success of treatment largely depends on the patient, and therapy is long-term. Plaster casts are used to immobilize the affected joint. Orthopedic shoes and orthoses are often recommended for diseases of the lower limbs. Therapeutic exercises, physiotherapy treatments and massages are often used.
2. Surgical treatment makes sense when conservative methods fail. During the operation, the doctor inserts prostheses and sews up the muscle tissue and ligaments. Modern orthopedics uses innovative techniques to replace the joint - an extremely complex procedure with minimal risk of complications.

How to prevent orthopedic problems

An adult who does not want to have orthopedic problems in the future The doctors advise:

1. Control your weight - Being overweight puts a strain on your bones;
2. giving up unhealthy habits;
3. to do sports
4. Avoid hypothermia, don't lift too much weight and wear comfortable shoes;
5. eat well

The recommendations are more than obvious, but few people are able to follow them all. Be careful and take care of your health!

Author of the article: Kristina Chekhova

I wish you good luck!!! See you soon on the pages of the WhoNaNovenkogo.ru blog

Comments and Opinions (2)

How much it costs to take care of your teeth seriously, just terrible, cosmic prices, especially for dental implants. If I had known this was going to happen, I would have trained as an orthopedic dentist.

Kirill: Exactly, because our whole country has been trained as economists and lawyers, but there is nobody who does manual work. That's why the prices are so exorbitantly high - there's hardly any competition.

orthopedic areas

Outpatient orthopedic care

Between 80 and 96 % of the patients with orthopedic injuries start and finish their treatment in the polyclinic, ie on an outpatient basis, outside the hospital. This illustrates the paramount importance of outpatient care as the most common treatment option. Emphasizing the importance of the outpatient treatment cycle for patients with diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal system, the term 'outpatient orthopedics' is used to describe the organization of the treatment process in a polyclinic or day clinic (this term is used, for example, by such well-known orthopedists as Professors Krasnov Alexander Fyodorovich and Berglezov represented Mikhail Alexandrovich). 'The facilities of outpatient care should serve as agents of the preventive orientation of our health care, as they are highly connected to different regional and professional populations. The rational organization of outpatient care is not only an important medical but also a serious social problem'. [1] .

Children and youth orthopaedics

The aim of pediatric orthopedics is the prevention and correction of malformations and functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system. She studies the causes and mechanism of development of pathological conditions and dysfunctions of the musculoskeletal system, elimination of deformities and restoration of the form and function of the musculoskeletal system is achieved using conservative and surgical methods of treatment.

Examples of conservative treatments are the elimination of contractures and congenital clubfoot with the help of plaster casts, reduction of congenital hip dislocations, etc. Surgical treatments developed in orthopedic surgery include osteotomies - bone harvesting in the case of curvature or deformity of the limb -, muscle -Tendon transplants for paralysis, tenotomies, ligamentotomies and other plastic surgeries. In orthopedics, therapeutic exercise, massage, physical therapy and various orthopedic devices are used in both conservative and surgical treatments, from various types of orthotics, orthopedic shoes to corsets and complex splints and prostheses.

Orthopedic institutes

NN Priorov Central Scientific and Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics

Orthopaedics, traumatology and prosthetics are three interrelated fields of medicine, each of which intrinsically includes the other two. Great merits for the development of these sciences have RR Vreden, GI Turner, GA Albrecht, NN Priorov, NN Burdenko, NA Bernstein, MI Sitenko, VD Chaklin, BP Popov, MV Volkov and many others.

April 22, 1921. for the treatment of invalids of the First World War and the Civil War and the development of current problems of orthopedics and prosthetics was organized by the Medical-Orthopedic Institute of the Moscow Health Service. Its founder and long-time director was the eminent orthopedist and traumatologist, full member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences and honorary scientist of the RSFSR, Professor Nikolai Nikolayevich Priorov (1895-1961). From 1940, this institute was renamed the Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics of the USSR Ministry of Health, which grew to become the country's leading institution in this branch of medicine and was renamed Priorov in 1971. This institute was the methodological center for 19 scientific research institutes of traumatology and orthopedics opened in larger cities of the USSR.

In 1952, the department of sports, ballet and circus injuries was established at the institute, headed by ZS Mironov. Many prominent Soviet athletes and artists underwent surgery in this department.

Central research institute for prosthetics and prostheses

In May 1940, the Scientific Research Clinic of Prosthetics and Prostheses (director MI Fridlyand) was established in Moscow, which in 1943 was renamed the Moscow Research Institute of Prosthetics (TSNIIP). From 1943 to 1947 the ZNIIP was headed by the well-known Soviet orthopedist Vasily Dmitrievich Chaklin (1892-1976) and later by Boris Petrovich Popov. While prosthetics was the responsibility of the Medical Prosthetics Institute (later CITO) up until the 1940s, this task was gradually transferred to the CIPP. In 1948, the Moscow Institute of Prosthetics was merged with the Bureau of Prosthetic Design and reorganized into the Central Research Institute of Prosthetics and Prostheses (TsNIIPP). Since 1972 it has been the leading institute and methodological center of prosthetics and prosthetic equipment in the USSR.

areas of orthopedics

What exactly an orthopaedist/traumatologist treats depends on their specialty:

• Conservative orthopedics (outpatient) – outpatient prevention of bone diseases, non-surgical treatment of chronic joint and bone diseases.
• Surgical orthopedics (foot, spine, hand, teeth) - radical treatment of bone, ligament and joint diseases.
• Endoprosthetics (joints, bones) – surgical prosthesis of joints and bones that cannot be preserved by other treatment methods.
• Traumatology and orthopedics (including sports orthopaedics) - conservative and surgical treatment of injuries of the skeletal system, including special injuries in athletes.
• Pediatric and adolescent orthopedics - prevention and treatment of skeletal defects in infants, small children and adolescents.

What organs does an orthopedic surgeon treat?

The list of things an orthopedist treats includes:

The main diseases for which an orthopedist is needed are:

• Osteochondrosis – severe, chronic disease of various segments of the spine;
• Congenital diseases (wry neck and hip dysplasia);
• clubfoot, bent feet, flat feet;
• Rheumatoid arthritis - a lifelong chronic systemic disease that attacks the skeletal system and causes severe joint deformity and disability;
• broken bones and dislocated joints;
• Osteoarthritis and synovitis - inflammatory diseases of the joints and joint capsule.

Orthopedists come in a variety of specialties. A doctor may work in pediatric orthopedics, treating bone, muscle, and joint disorders in children of different ages. There is also a demand for sports physicians who can help athletes to restore lost musculoskeletal functions. Doctors with experience can switch to endoprosthetics or surgery.

• admission of patients;
• preparation of a treatment plan;
• Examination of patients with injuries;
• selection of orthopedic aids for patients;
• assessment of the effectiveness of medication;
• conducting investigations into temporary incapacity for work;
• Provision of emergency medical care;
• Creation of a diagnosis and examination plan;
• Performing manipulations and surgical interventions on patients with musculoskeletal disorders.

A full list of work duties and required skills and knowledge is contained in the Medical Specialist's Professional Code.

Where can a podiatrist work and what is his salary?

An orthopedic specialist can work in a hospital, inpatient department of a hospital, private clinic, sanatorium or medical center. Some doctors combine the practice of medicine with science and work in a research center or institute.

The salary of an orthopedist depends on several factors:

• the region of employment;
• the orientation of the doctor's work;
• the skills and professional experience of the medical specialist;
• the chosen organization – doctors in private clinics are better paid.

On average, an orthopedist in Russia earns 39,000 rubles. The highest average salaries are paid to medical specialists in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug - 73,300 rubles. This is followed by the Sakhalin region (66,500 rubles) and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (65,000 rubles). Orthopedists in Moscow earn an average of 49,000 rubles. In private hospitals they earn up to 100 000 RUB.

How does a visit to an orthopedist work?

The orthopaedist/traumatologist consults the patient and asks about the symptoms: how long they have been bothering the patient, what happened afterwards and whether close relatives have similar problems. Most often, patients come to the doctor with pain, limited mobility of a part of the body, changes in the anatomical shape of several joints or an entire limb. Some complain of tiredness in the back, legs or arms after exercising. If the correct anatomical relationship of all structures is not restored, the symptoms worsen.

• During the examination, the orthopaedist/traumatologist looks at the shape of the back, the symmetry of the shoulder girdle and the curvature of the spine. The joints are examined at rest and their range of motion is determined. In the event of a pathology, swelling, redness at the bone junctions, crunching, cupping, hypermobility or limited mobility in the joint are possible.
• The reflexes are checked. The patient's gait is assessed.
• The orthopedist completes the examination with the clinical diagnosis (general blood test) and the
• Designation of the examination with instrument-based diagnostic methods. X-rays and CT scans are performed to assess the condition of the hard tissues (bones, cartilage), and ultrasound and MRI scans to determine the pathology of the soft tissues (muscles, tendons, synovial membrane, joint capsule).
• Sometimes invasive methods are required - joint puncture, arthroscopy, taking material for histological and cytological examinations in case of suspected cancer.

When making an appointment, patients choose a suitable appointment and indicate whether it is a consultation, an initial examination or a follow-up appointment with an orthopedic trauma surgeon for therapeutic purposes. The orthopedist works together with other specialists, uses the most modern diagnostic equipment and provides pharmacological, surgical and orthopedic treatment services.

He prescribes a comprehensive treatment for each patient, which leads to the restoration of the correct position and function of the damaged part of the body. Fitting a prosthesis to replace the missing part of the limb allows the injured person to better adapt to life.

Treatment by an orthopedist in the Bibirevo clinic

As soon as the diagnosis is made, the orthopedist of the Bibirevo Central Clinic begins treatment:

• The medications are taken orally or topically. In joint diseases, they are often brought to the site of inflammation or destruction by intra-articular injections. Hormones, pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), vitamins, blood inhibitors, calcium, zinc, manganese, muscle relaxants, chondroprotectors, and biogenic stimulators can improve joint function. Locks are used to relieve pain quickly, after which the healing process begins. If there is insufficient synovial fluid, artificial synovial fluid substitutes are injected.
• Appropriate stiffeners and braces are used. Depending on the pathology, plaster or soft bandages, orthoses, prostheses, splints and spokes are used. They hold the bone or joint in the correct position and relieve the area until it has properly healed. Orthopedic shoes, orthoses and prostheses are made to order.
• Surgery can be performed through a small incision using an arthroscopic technique, or open for major damage or trauma. If the joint cannot be repaired, an artificial endoprosthesis is used.
• Physiotherapy treatments include drug electrophoresis, electroneurostimulation, gravity machines, shock wave therapy (destroys osteophytes and salt deposits), laser, ultrasound, and electromagnetic fields.

What are the causes of arthritis and what does the disease involve?

Answer: Arthritis is an inflammatory disease of the joints that can have a variety of causes. A joint is a flexible connection between two bones, where cartilage plays the role of connective tissue. It protects the joint itself by absorbing stress and shock during movement. When the cartilage deteriorates, the joint becomes weak and painful: this can lead to osteoarthritis.

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