What an orthopedist treats and what symptoms to report

It is wrongly assumed that prosthetic services are mainly needed by elderly patients. Today's dentistry is able to offer effective prosthetic and restorative solutions for people of all ages, including children who have dental problems.

The orthopedic dentist: what he does and what he treats

The orthopedic dentist treats defects in the hard tissue of the tooth and replaces missing teeth. Prosthetics helps to solve many problems: it can restore chewing function and speech, restore aesthetics of the smile, and save damaged teeth.

The work of the orthopedic dentist is extensive:

• It repairs defects in tooth enamel and dentin: these include severe damage in the coronal area, when a filling alone cannot restore the tooth;
• Working on aesthetic enamel defects: placing veneers, lumineers and crowns;
• Replaces missing teeth with removable fixed dentures;
• Full dentures in pathological tooth enamel wear;
• fitting mouthguards for bruxism;
• splinting of removable teeth;
• Microprosthetics: insertion of inlays, onlays;
• Prosthetics on implants.

It is worth noting that the work of the dental prosthodontist in the dental clinic is closely related to that of the dental technician. It is the dental technicians who make all kinds of prosthetic constructions in the laboratory. The doctor selects the prosthetic construction, prepares the teeth for this construction, takes an impression, and the dental technicians work on the production and modeling of the prosthetic work. The well-organized work of the orthopedist and dental technician ensures that the patient receives a high-quality prosthetic construction.

When is it necessary to see an orthopedic dentist?

• Missing Teeth: Nature created a certain number of teeth for a reason. The removal of even one tooth leads to serious complications.
• Destroyed teeth that cannot be repaired with fillings.
• Damaged teeth – those that have had their nerves removed and root canals treated. They are brittle and cannot withstand the weight of chewing, so they begin to crack and eventually chip. Crowns can prevent this.
• When the enamel wears down, it causes nighttime teeth grinding (bruxism).
• Defective crowns and prostheses are in the mouth: they must be replaced with new structures.
• Dental services include not only treatment by an orthopedist, but also thorough diagnosis and consultation with other doctors. A comprehensive approach to any dental disease will help determine the cause of the disease, eliminate it and prevent its recurrence.

The prosthodontist can solve various problems, depending on what kind of ailments the patient comes to the dental clinic with:

restoration of chewing function. When patients are missing all or most of their teeth, chewing becomes a challenge. Not only do sufferers refuse their favorite foods, but they also feel embarrassed when they smile or speak. Their diction, language and appearance may be affected.

Aesthetic Restoration. Extracted and/or decayed teeth that are visible when speaking affect the patient's daily functioning and self-confidence.

preservation of the remaining teeth. In the case of periodontitis and periodontal diseases, these teeth are loosened. To prevent them from falling out and having to be pulled, the orthopedist uses special splints.

Preservation of carious teeth. If a simple filling is not enough, the orthopedist can help and make crowns, inlays or onlays. In this situation, the orthopedist is usually referred by dentists from other specialties.

What an orthopedist does

The podiatrist deals with the correction of deformed joints and limbs, as well as the prevention of diseases. In addition to the surgeon, he can use both conservative treatment methods and surgical interventions.

The most common diseases that an orthopedist has to deal with in his practice are.

1. osteoporosis and osteochondrosis;
2. intervertebral fractures;
3. flat feet;
4. synovitis;
5. myositis;
6. clubfoot.

The orthopedic profession is closely intertwined with other areas of medical practice:

Also read: X-ray of the lumbosacral spine: preparation, implementation, findings.

It is also worth noting that orthopedics has two related professions: dental orthopedics and traumatology. So, in dentistry, an orthopedist deals with prosthetics and work with various implants. An orthopedic traumatologist, on the other hand, deals with various injuries of the musculoskeletal system.

In general, there are many specialties in orthopedics, so the specialist must decide during his specialist training:

• Pediatric orthopedics deals with the bones, joints and muscles of people under the age of 18;
• Endoprosthetics – specialists in this field perform prosthetic interventions;
• Surgical orthopedics specializes in correcting deformities of the feet, hands, spine and teeth;
• Sports orthopedics helps athletes to restore the function of their musculoskeletal system.

How the visit goes

During the initial examination, the doctor listens to the patient's symptoms, determines the patient's activity level and physical activity, and clarifies the presence of hereditary diseases and other risk factors for the musculoskeletal system.

For the diagnosis, the orthopedist uses the following methods

• visual examination;
• Palpation – contact with areas of possible pathological changes;
• X-ray – helps to detect fractures, dislocations and contusions;
• Redressing – Correcting deformities or aligning fractures to proper limits.

If necessary, the doctor may refer the patient to such examinations to confirm the suspected diagnosis:

In some cases, a full diagnosis may require consultation with an endocrinologist, surgeon, neurologist, and other physicians to whom the orthopedist will refer.

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Causes of Scoliosis

Scoliosis can be congenital or acquired. Congenital scoliosis is usually caused by abnormal development of the vertebrae and ribs.

Acquired scoliosis usually develops in childhood or adolescence when the body is growing. This mainly occurs between the ages of 6 and 17. Bone growth stops before the age of 20, after which scoliosis is less likely to develop. In 80 % cases, scoliosis is found in girls.

Scoliosis can have a myopathic origin, ie it is caused by a failure of the muscular and ligamentous apparatus. Prolonged irregular loads on the spine contribute to the development of this scoliosis: the habit of hunching over a desk or desk, carrying a bag in one hand (on one shoulder), playing sports with one hand (tennis, badminton , shot put, etc.).

Scoliosis can be caused by the following diseases:

• Rickets (impaired bone mineralization). rachitic scoliosis; is usually detected at the age of 2-3 years;
• Congenital torticollis (a condition characterized by a constant tilting of the head to the right or left);
• cerebral palsy;
• Poliomyelitis;
• osteochondrosis;
• herniated discs;
• as well as some others.

In most cases, however, the cause cannot be determined. Such scoliosis
Such scoliosis is called idiopathic. The hereditary factor seems to be of great importance
An important factor, because scoliosis often occurs in members of the same family.

symptoms of scoliosis

In most cases, scoliosis develops in childhood and adolescence and in the early stages does not cause serious concern - the children do not complain. Therefore, parents should be particularly vigilant and pay attention to external signs of the disease, such as: B:

The development of scoliosis leads to an increase in the angle of curvature. In addition, the vertebrae begin to rotate around their own axis (vertebral torsion). The symptoms are as follows:

In the early stages of scoliosis, back pain occurs after standing or walking for a long time. Later the back pain becomes persistent; pain worsens after standing or walking;

When a doctor examines a patient with scoliosis, they notice that one shoulder blade is higher than the other. The shoulder blades are not evenly spaced from the spine. In the later stages of scoliosis, the curvature of the spine becomes apparent: one shoulder is significantly higher than the other. Slowly bending forward on your back leads to an asymmetrical rollover of the thoracic or lumbar spine and thus to torsion (twisting of the vertebrae).

What does a pediatric orthopedist treat?

The pediatric orthopedist diagnoses and treats the condition. The pediatric orthopedist treats congenital anomalies, developmental disorders and many lesions caused by infectious and inflammatory diseases. Most congenital anomalies are usually diagnosed before the age of one.

The pediatric orthopedist usually focuses on surgery, and unfortunately most abnormalities can only be corrected through surgery. The first examination of an infant by an orthopedist takes place in the maternity ward on day 1-3 of life.

It is done to rule out or treat immediately any abnormalities in the structure or function of the baby's joints.

Schedule your child's examination by an orthopedist before 1:

At this point, it is medically advisable to recognize and effectively correct defects in infancy. The orthopedist also treats adolescents up to the age of 18.

Pediatric Orthopedics

The most common problems that can be treated by an orthopedist:

• Congenital injuries: congenital hip dislocation, articular dysplasia, cerebral palsy, perinatal encephalopathy.
• Treatment of skeletal abnormalities: fusion of toes or phalanges, abnormal or unnatural foot position, torticollis, congenital clubfoot, flatfoot.
• Delayed motor development, restricted range of motion and muscle tone abnormalities.
• Treatment of spinal cord and brain injuries and spinal pathologies.

When should you see a podiatrist?

An orthopedist is most often consulted for deformities of the musculoskeletal system.

The orthopedist treats not only the diseases listed below, but also many others:

• He can customize prostheses and orthoses;
• treats common dislocations of the hands, hips, and shoulders;
• treats clubfoot, flatfoot and torticollis;
• rehabilitation after trauma and polio;
• Various joint deformities: twisting of the arms, legs, pelvic torsion;
• disturbance of natural posture;
• Persistent pain of all kinds.

Techniques of the orthopedic dentist

Once you know what an orthopedic dentist treats, it's time to understand what techniques they use to achieve their goals. From today's perspective, three stand out:

1. microdentures. They are suitable for patients with cosmetic defects and high tooth integrity (only the upper part is damaged). Microprosthetic supplies are used:
   • veneers. They are designed to correct the appearance of the tooth in terms of color and shape. They are excellent for concealing enamel defects and slight curvatures. They are thin layers that are glued to the front of the tooth with a special adhesive. The average lifespan is about 10 years.
   • Lumineers. Similar to veneers in structure and method of attachment, but thinner. Their application does not require prior grinding of the entire tooth enamel.
   • inlays. In contrast to veneers and lumineers, they are not attached to the front teeth but to the chewing teeth. They look similar to fillings but are made of ceramic and not composite.
2. Removable prosthetics. The prosthetic structures for this type of restoration are made of nylon or plastic to which artificial teeth are attached. There are two types of prostheses:
   • full denture (full denture in case of complete edentulism);
   • partial denture (similar to bridges, but can be removed from the mouth independently).

These prostheses are attached with clips (semicircular locks), suction cups or adhesives (depending on the type of prosthesis).

• Crown. Serve as an alternative to fillings and restorations. They are used when the tooth is badly damaged. These are cap-shaped structures that completely or partially cover the tooth to be restored. They are made of metal, metal-ceramic, plastic or a combination of metal and plastic.
• Dentures with bridges. They are used when several teeth are missing in a row. They consist of two crowns (on a bridge) and an artificial dental bridge between them.
• implants. A fully artificial structure, part of which is implanted in the jawbone (with full healing over time). They consist of an artificial tooth onto which an artificial tooth is screwed.

Who does the prosthodontist work with?

None of the techniques used by the orthopedic dentist can be realized without close cooperation with other specialists. A comprehensive approach to restoration and prosthetics is achieved through the involvement of the following physicians:

• Dental Therapist. He carries out the preparatory work for prosthetics: oral hygiene, removal of plaque (plaque and tartar), treatment of mucosal and periodontal diseases.
• dentist. Removes teeth and non-vital roots in the preparatory phase if the problem cannot be treated therapeutically. In the prosthetic phase, the implants are placed in the jaw, on which the prosthetist performs the last phase of tooth restoration.
• The dental technician. The dental technician makes dentures and orthodontic constructions based on the impressions made by the prosthodontist. If necessary, the dental technician also adjusts the prepared prosthesis after testing it on the patient and corrects any imperfections and inconveniences for the patient.
• The anesthetist (or critical care physician). Cooperation with this colleague is necessary when multiple implants have to be placed in both jaws in order to achieve complete anchorage. Such a procedure may require general anesthesia rather than local anesthesia.
• Orthodontic Dentist. If prosthetic work is to be performed and the patient has a bite problem, a visit to an orthodontist is required in the treatment plan. Once the treatment is complete, the dentures can be prepared and adjusted.

When planning your prosthetic fitting, you should be aware that a comprehensive solution is required. This means that in addition to your orthopedic dentist, you also need to see specialists.

prosthetics

The main goal of orthopedic dentistry is the correction of problems related to the masticatory system through the use of special prostheses, either removable or fixed. In parallel, this field of medicine pursues the following goals:

• Prevention and diagnosis of language and speech anomalies.
• Treatment of jaw diseases with a variety of prosthetic constructions.
• Maintaining the attractive appearance of the restored dental units.

Thus, all efforts are directed towards eliminating dental anomalies that could affect the patient's quality of life. Active work is being done to restore the aesthetics and full function of the jaw system.

The orthopedic dentist: who is he and what does he treat?

An orthodontist is often referred to as a prosthodontist, but is also a dentist as their primary job is fitting dentures. What exactly does an orthopedic dentist do and what problems can you ask him about? The orthopedic dentist treats patients with the following problems

• Partial/complete destruction of a tooth with preserved roots;
• Gum disease (periodontal disease, periodontal disease);
• Missing one or more teeth, complete edentulism;
• Aesthetic anomalies of the prosthetic units (shape, chipping, fractures);
• failure of the inserted prosthetic structure;
• discoloration of the restored tooth;
• Difficulty chewing food.
• Diseases of the temporomandibular joint.

Orthopedic dentists can help you restore your own tooth or replace it with an artificial tooth. These specialists make bridges, crowns, ceramic inlays and onlays (veneers) that look as aesthetic and natural as possible. Properly placed dental implants do not affect the pronunciation of sounds or the comfort of chewing food.

Patients are often referred to an orthopedic dentist by another doctor—a surgeon, general practitioner, or orthodontist. The therapist only treats teeth. If a tooth is badly damaged, the doctor will recommend a visit to a dentist or orthodontist who can restore the damaged tooth. Once the prosthesis has been removed, the surgeon will also refer the patient to an orthopedic dentist. It is not uncommon for an orthopedist to combine their work with a surgical practice, as the fitting of some prosthetic designs involves surgery.

Symptoms of neurological disorders:

• dizziness, tinnitus, fatigue;
• insomnia, memory disorders;
• convulsions, tremors, tics;
• numbness, tingling in the limbs;
• pain in the head and other parts of the body;
• Loss of consciousness, problems with coordination and balance;
• Speech disorders, sudden visual disturbances.

The consultation of the neurologist takes place in several stages. First, the patient describes the symptoms he feels and their possible causes. After analyzing the complaints, the doctor examines the general neurological condition of the patient, analyzes motor activity, checks the patient for hand tremors, facial and body asymmetry. The neurologist then determines the functional status of the nerves in the cranial-brain unit using tools such as a 'hammer', analyzes the reflexes and tests the patient's sensitivity to touch, pain and temperature stimuli.
After an initial examination, it is not always possible to make an accurate diagnosis. Therefore, the neurologist uses modern methods to diagnose the disease.

Diagnostic methods in neurology

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – MRI provides visual information about the brain substance, the soft tissue structures of the body, the ligaments of the spine, detailed images of nerve fibers and intervertebral discs without the need to use X-rays;
• Computed tomography (CT) – is a radiological diagnostic method that allows the examination of human organs and tissues for pathological findings. An accurate tomographic image of 'slices' of the spine, skull, brain and spinal cord is obtained;
• Electroneuromyography (ENMG) – A unique examination of the functional status of the muscles and peripheral nerves, which can be used to determine the causes of muscle spasms, pain and shots in the spine and the causes of muscle weakness;
• X-ray – A radiological diagnosis, in which the condition of the cranial bones and the musculoskeletal system is examined;
• ULTRASOUND (ECG) – Diagnostic ultrasound provides real-time information on the functional state of the vessels, including the large cerebral vessels (main arteries, vertebral arteries, posterior cerebral arteries, carotid arteries and their branches);
• laboratory tests – In neurology, the laboratory tests give a complete picture of the disease, allow to explain or exclude it and to check the effectiveness of the treatment.

• inflammatory diseases (epidemic, tick and flu encephalitis, meningitis, poliomyelitis, neuritis, radiculitis);
• degenerative diseases of the nervous system (Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, osteochondrosis, herniated discs)
• vascular disorders of the nervous system (migraine, vegetative dystonia, hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, hypertension, atherosclerosis, traumatic cerebral vascular injuries, arterial aneurysms);
• autoimmune diseases (Multiple sclerosis, severe pseudoparalytic myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, myasthenia gravis)
• neuralgia (cranial, vertebral, intercostal and collarbone neuralgia);
• seizure disorder (epileptic seizures, febrile convulsions).
• Spinal and joint problems (Herniated discs, osteochondrosis of the spine, arthritis).

What does the neurologist treat?

The list of diseases of the nervous system is quite extensive and diverse. Most often, these diseases have the following causes:

The most common reasons for visiting a neurologist are. Headachein particular, migraine. This is characterized by severe pain in the temporal lobe of the head. You may also see a neurologist for the following diseases or symptoms:

Unfortunately, this is not the entire list of diseases and symptoms, just the most common ailments treated by a neurologist.

How much does a visit to a neurologist cost?

It is important to know that disorders of the central nervous system appear slowly and imperceptibly. Because of this, many people are unaware that they are at serious risk of developing a disease, such as: B. paralysis, psychosis or intellectual disability. In older people, the risk of developing various diseases of the nervous system increases several times.

If you notice any of the following symptoms, you should see a neurologist immediately:

In order to avoid various types of diseases of the nervous system, it is necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle and follow the elementary rules:

Stage II. Treatment with applied kinesiology (kinesitherapy).

Once musculoskeletal disorders have been identified, they must be treated: relieving spasms and tension, strengthening weak muscles and restoring their natural functionality. And how? Conventional physical training with weights or machines is not suitable for this, it can only cause damage and lead to injuries to muscles and joints. With classic physical training, the muscles cannot work with sufficient strength. In the case of muscular imbalances, special rehabilitation devices are required, which are used in rehabilitation after spinal column and joint injuries and operations..

These are so-called kinesio training devices with a biomechanical block that enable the following Use of the deep skeletal muscles in a targeted and dosed (load-controlled) decompression mode without the risk of axial loading of intervertebral discs and joints..

The treatment is supervised by a personal kinesitherapy instructor, a rehabilitation therapist.

General conclusions. The treatment with applied kinesiology consists of an individual therapeutic and preventive exercise program on a kinesiologist, based on an examination (muscle test) by a kinesiologist and aimed at eliminating muscular imbalances.

EFFECTS OF KINESIOTHERAPY (APPLIED KINESIOLOGY).

A treatment with applied kinesiology helps to address several problems:

1. Eliminate the sources of pain - muscle spasms, nerve compression, functional blocks, trigger points.

The pain is eliminated without the use of drugs, blockades, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other helpful ad hoc drugs with a variety of side effects.

2. Restoring full function to dysfunctional, weak muscles.

3. restoration of nutrition of cartilage tissue.

The blood and nutrient supply to the bone and muscle structures in the affected area is improved, which reduces local inflammation, activates the natural regeneration mechanisms of damaged bone and cartilage tissue in the spine and stimulates the growth of thinned cartilage.

4 Formation of a new, normal biomechanics of movement.

Muscle hypotonia leads to an irregular gait and causes tension in the pelvis and lumbar spine. Therefore, restoring normal biomechanics is an important prerequisite for preventing future recurrence of pain. Kinesiotherapy 'trains' the muscles to move properly.

5. Strengthening of the ligaments, the muscular corset of the whole bodyThis ensures the stability of the spine in everyday life and protects it from sudden and clumsy movements in everyday life and during sports activities.

However, man should prepare for serious work. It's not that easy to swallow a pill and wait for a miracle. You will have to fight for your health. Getting rid of chronic pain and restoring function to your spine or joints can take more time and resources than just temporary pain relief, but living life to the fullest is worth it.

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