residual limb bandage

The above surgical procedures are also performed to treat other gynecological diseases, including the removal of small fibroid nodes. However, the most effective method of treating fibroids is uterine artery embolization, which can prevent recurrence and achieve excellent results.

Cleansing enema

Problems with the digestive system affect people of all genders, ages and social classes, and constipation is one of the most common problems in the world today. If you don't have a bowel movement for more than three days, this is a problem that can be solved with an enema. What it is, how it affects the body and the order in which it is performed will be explained below.

An enema is a procedure performed to clear the intestines of fecal matter, stones, and other debris resulting from food processing. It is carried out by introducing a liquid into the anus (most often pure boiled water is used, but saline and soda solutions, herbal teas, various chemical compositions can also be used), using special accessories (a bladder with a plastic tip, a heating pad or an intestinal tube with a funnel).

Operating principle

The mechanism of action of enemas is based on a combination of effects through which fluid enters the intestines in the right amount. These are explained in more detail below:

• Chemical. Salt, baking soda, various herbal oils and decoctions, fruit and vegetable juices and other substances are used to stimulate the emptying of the intestines after the injection of appropriate solutions
• Mechanically. The treatment repeatedly increases the volume of intestinal contents, which helps soften and quickly eliminate stool.
• Thermal. The temperature of the water is usually slightly higher than normal body temperature (the recommended value is around 38 degrees Celsius), which irritates the intestinal wall and increases its ability to contract, so that the liquid is excreted in the stool.
• Osmotic. This involves drawing extra fluid from the body into the intestines and then excreting it through the anus.

To carry out an enema, a rubber ball with a tube or a special large-volume latex bag (500-1000 ml) with a tip is used.

Symptoms and types of chest wounds

This type of injury is mainly differentiated between penetrating and non-penetrating wounds. Penetrating injuries are those that compromise the integrity of the pleura, but may not damage the internal tissues of the lungs and other organs in the chest. Chest injuries can also be penetrating, tangential, or blind. Continuous wounds are characterized by the presence of two openings, an entry and an exit wound, through which the injured object enters and exits the tissue. Tangential wounds pass close to bones or organs without injuring them. Blind wounds are injuries in which the injured object or part of it (bullet, shrapnel) remains in the wound.

Detecting and distinguishing chest wounds is not difficult, especially when they are open: wounds are characterized by pain, shortness of breath, limited mobility, swelling, bleeding and skin lesions (open wounds). Bleeding can be venous, arterial or parenchymatous in nature, although the first two forms are extremely dangerous for the affected person as they can lead to large blood loss and very quickly death. Serous and bloody contents may also flow from the wound.

The subclavian artery is considered the most dangerous wound - a wide wound can lead to fatal bleeding within minutes. If the wound is blind or penetrating, the matter is complicated by the formation of a pulsating hematoma, which can be life-threatening over a long period of time.

In non-penetrating wounds, muscles and ligaments as well as bony structures can be largely destroyed.

Why bandages are necessary for chest injuries

Wounds and injuries to the chest must be treated by a doctor. However, by the time an ambulance is called and help arrives, an accident victim with an extensive wound and bleeding will lose strength and blood and may no longer be able to wait for specialist care.

The first step is to assess the condition of the accident victim and determine whether there is an injury:

The first type of injuries are the most difficult for the rescuer to treat because there is no external wound, but the injuries themselves can be fatal to the person. Closed chest wounds:

All of these conditions can lead to heart or respiratory failure, but without medical training or special tools and medications, comprehensive measures cannot be taken to help the injured person. The first aid algorithm for closed chest wounds is as follows:

• Call an ambulance;
• Place the injured person in a semi-recumbent position;
• Carefully and without sudden movements, free the person from clothing that restricts or hinders them;
• Lay the unconscious person down; tilt your head back and slightly to the side;
• Monitor consciousness and pulse until paramedics arrive.

Non-penetrating wounds do not compromise the integrity of the lungs and are therefore considered less dangerous. Once paramedics are called, check if the person is bleeding, apply a pressure bandage and monitor their condition until the ambulance arrives.

Penetrating wounds significantly worsen the patient's condition. He experiences shortness of breath, bloody, foamy sputum, and a drop in blood pressure. The patient must remain in a semi-sitting position and is not allowed to speak, breathe deeply, drink or eat. A bandage is always applied.

Benefits of wound healing under an occlusive dressing:

1. An occlusive bandage closes the wound and reliably protects it from the penetration of pathogens from outside. This prevents secondary infections, especially due to hospital flora that is often resistant to antibiotics.
2. Exudate containing special proteolytic enzymes accumulates under the occlusive dressing. This accelerates the autolytic (natural) cleansing of the wound of necrotic debris and fibrin. Performing non-surgical wound debridement in a short time is usually a major challenge for the surgeon. Autolysis can be used to naturally cleanse dead tissue from trophic ulcers, decubitus ulcers and chronic wounds.
3. The occlusive dressing prevents moisture from evaporating from the wound surface and skin, creating a moist environment in which cells remain alive and dividing. This allows the wound to heal quickly and optimally.
4. In the closed space under the occlusive cover, carbon dioxide accumulates, in the presence of which scarring is much less likely.
5. Another important feature of occlusive wound dressings is their painless removal. Thanks to the moisture, the bandage does not dry out and does not stick to the wound surface. Therefore, all dressings are comfortable and do not damage granulation tissue or young epithelium.

On the one hand, foil is the most suitable material for a tight seal. Nothing from the outside penetrates the wound and a complete closure effect is achieved as long as the bandage is well fixed to the healthy skin around the wound.

Classic film dressings are thin films, sometimes with an adhesive layer.

Modern film dressings are often made of polyurethane coated with a hypoallergenic polyacrylate adhesive. Many dressings are used internally and enriched with antibacterial compounds, vitamins and probiotics to provide an additional therapeutic effect.

Special features when using occlusive dressings

It should be clear that occlusive dressings do not fall into the category of universal dressings. There are certain indications and contraindications that the doctor should be aware of. And there are possible complications that you don't need to be afraid of, but that you should be aware of.

Principles for the use of occlusive dressings in wound treatment

1. The bandage should be applied so that its edges overlap the healthy, undamaged skin by at least 2-3 centimeters. Otherwise the tightness is not guaranteed.
2. It is important to check the condition of the skin under the occlusive dressing. It must not be allowed to become dry, soggy or irritated. If not taken care of in time, very unpleasant skin rashes can occur.
3. For clean or slightly infected wounds, it is best to use occlusive dressings to prevent generalization of the infection. A moist environment means that there is a substrate in the wound on which microorganisms thrive.
   It is the fear of aggravation of the infectious process that prevents many surgeons from using this type of dressing. If there is even the slightest doubt, the patient should be monitored by a doctor and the bandages should be used more frequently.
4. Remember that an occlusive dressing has a greenhouse effect and increases the local temperature. Imagine that part of the patient's body is wrapped in foil. Hyperthermia and impaired thermoregulation occur very quickly. It is therefore recommended that no more than 10 % of the body surface should be covered with occlusion shields.

To summarize the above:

With occlusive dressings, the patient can tolerate wound treatment much better and shorten the healing time. However, this only applies if they are used correctly and under medical supervision.

You can find out which wound dressings and dressings are right for you in a free consultation with one of our experts.

Cosmeceutical associations

Cosmeceutical dressings can be used to bandage large areas of the body, to support limbs, or as an adhesive bandage.

If you are using a sling to support one arm, make it wide.

• Ask the person to hold their arms against your chest and support the injured arm while you apply the bandage;
• Pull the bandage under the arm and around the neck;
• Pull the other half of the bandage over your arm so that the two ends meet at the shoulder and tie it tightly;
• Slip the ends of the knot under the elbow or pin it in place.

If you are using the cloth to support a leg or bandage a large part of the body, fold it in half lengthwise so that the end of the triangle reaches the center of the long corner. Then fold it again in the same direction to create a wide bandage.

How to apply the bandage

Before you start applying the pad, follow the steps below:

The creation process consists of the following steps:

• The doctor professionally cleans the surface of the tooth and removes plaque;
• The edge of the gums is treated with an antiseptic;
• The dressing is then applied so that it lies close to the gum line and neck of the tooth, regardless of the type of dressing. In this way the periodontal pockets are closed.

The dentist must ensure that the patient can articulate normally. If defects remain after treatment, they are corrected by cutting off the parts that prevent speech.

The wearing time varies between a few minutes and three days. Soft bandages are most commonly used. If prolonged isolation of the wound from the environment is required, rigid/flexible devices are used for 3 to 7 days. The treatment can be repeated 2 to 3 times.

Basic requirements for the material

• resistance to moist oral environment;
• The textile material should be compatible with the drug used;
• The dressings should have an acceptable appearance, odor and color.

The dressing should only be put on and taken off by the treating dentist. If used improperly, the gums will be damaged and plaque and food particles can build up under the bandage. This affects the speed of healing of the damaged gum tissue. The therapeutic indications and the effect desired by the dentist influence the wearing time.

Our dentistry offers an effective treatment program for periodontal disease without the need for surgical intervention. Innovative medications are used and we guarantee long-lasting and effective results in eliminating the patient's pain sensations.

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General rules for the use of bandages

There are several different types of associations. Some of them can be created independently, but there are certain rules that must be followed:

• The dressing materials and equipment should be prepared in advance;
• Hands should be washed and wiped with an antiseptic before the procedure;
• Care should be taken not to increase bleeding or cause pain to the patient;
• Alcoholic liquids should not be used to bandage the injured area, as this may cause tissue burns;
• Do not touch the wound surface or sterile materials with your hands;
• Do not use folk remedies to stop bleeding or speed healing, as these can lead to infections and other complications.

Gauze, bandages or individual packs from the pharmacy are used as bandages. If you are inexperienced in wound care, it is better to call a nurse who will explain the principle and peculiarities of dressings to you. The cost of home dressings depends on the size of the affected area, the presence of complications, and other factors.

Narrow bandages

These sanitary pads are sold in pharmacies and are available in different sizes and variants. They consist of a self-adhesive backing and a piece of gauze that is stuck to the wound area. They are suitable for smaller cuts and abrasions and have the advantage that they are easy to apply and adhere well to any part of the body at any angle.

When choosing a bandage, make sure that the gauze pad is larger than the wound and completely covers the wound surface. Before applying, remove the protective strip and treat the injured skin surface with an antiseptic (a small amount of antibacterial ointment can be used). The bandage should be applied so that the tissue portion completely covers the wound and the sticky portion reaches healthy skin.

When should a doctor be consulted?

It is not always possible to apply a bandage yourself. You should go to hospital in the following cases:

• The bleeding does not stop for a long time;
• the wound is heavily contaminated or there are foreign bodies in the wound;
• the patient is unconscious, feels weak, dizzy or nauseous;
• the wound is very large, deep or its edges are far apart (such wounds often require stitches);
• the wound is very painful or festering, the injured person has a fever, or there are other signs of tissue infection.

To avoid wound infection or other unpleasant consequences, it is best to entrust treatment to an experienced medical professional. You can find out how much an at-home bandage costs and hire a professional to handle it.

Types of periodontal dressings

The main goal in oral soft tissue treatment is to deliver and fixate medication to the affected area. This is achieved through the use of periodontal dressings, which protect the gums from external aggressors and create the necessary concentration of the drug in the problem area. The dressing is essentially a layer of varying density impregnated with a special composition that is applied to the periodontal tissue for a specific period of time.

There are several types of periodontal dressings. Their main differences and uses are explained below.

• Soft. The most common type of bandages. They contain inert substances and medications. Vitamins, minerals and antiseptics are thus delivered to the tissue. Typically takes between 1 hour and 3 days. Usually a few hours.
• Semi-permanent. Performs two functions - protecting against damage to the injured mucous membrane and stimulating the effects of drugs. Antioxidants and long-acting antiseptics are used. Semi-permanent bandages are applied for 24 hours to 5 days.
• Permanent. A rare type of dressing as the materials used are quite uncomfortable for patients. However, these dressings are indispensable if the mucous membrane needs to be reliably protected from food and germs.
• Therapeutic. Regardless of the type of inert material, they are used exclusively for therapeutic purposes. They usually have a soft consistency. The goal of such dressings is to deliver the therapeutic substance to the diseased tissue and create a high concentration of the substance.
• Protective. The essence of bandages is to isolate the mucous membranes from external influences. Medications are usually not added. More often, semi-solid (paraffin) or solid dressings are used for this purpose.

Only the treating doctor can decide which material and which medication to use. Periodontal dressings should therefore only be used in the practice of a specialist; self-application is not permitted.

Indications for the use of periodontal dressings

All soft tissue injuries in the oral cavity can be treated with bandages. Most often they are used in the following situations:

• After surgical procedures on soft tissue;
• treatment of periodontal abscesses;
• Severe gingivitis;
• Gingival fistulas;
• Complex caries with soft tissue involvement;
• atrophic gingivitis.

Bandages are most often used after various surgical procedures. They are needed after opening abscesses, curettage of the gums and also when inserting implants. In any case, the periodontist can greatly expand or narrow the indications for their prescription depending on the specific clinical situation. In modern dentistry, periodontal dressings are a good and proven treatment method that is regularly used in clinical practice.

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Bandage dressings

These bandages are applied with a bandage made from a piece of material in the shape of a right-angled triangle. The longest side of the association is called the base (B - C), the corner opposite it is called the tip (A) and the other two corners are called the ends (B, C). The headband is attached with a safety pin.

1. The headband is placed on the head so that the base is on the forehead and the vertex extends down to the back of the head.
2. The two loose ends are held back, crossed under the back of the head, the tip pressed against the head and tied in a knot on the forehead.
3. The top of the scarf is then wrapped up and secured with a pin.

The Major's eye patch

1. A scarf folded into strips is placed over the injured eye.
2. The lower end is placed across the face and under the ear and crossed with the upper end at the back of the head. 3.

3. The two ends of the bandage are brought over the face again and knotted.

Nose loop (A sling is a strip of gauze or bandage or other soft material with slits on both sides).

1. The bandage strip is torn to a length of 75 cm to 1 m.
2. Cut the ends of this strip, leaving four ribbons and an uncut center about 6 inches (15 cm) long.
3. Cover the wound on the nose with a sterile napkin.
4. Place the center of the loop over the napkin across the face.

5 Cross the bands around the cheekbones. Lower the top band, hold it under the ears and tie a knot around the neck. The lower bandages are pulled up and tied at the back of the head.

Tie

These are the most commonly used because they are simple and safe.

Hippocrates cap bandage

Used for head injuries and burns to stop bleeding and hold dressing material in place.

1. Place a 10 cm wide bandage around the forehead and back of the head.
2. Then bend forward and bring the bandage over the guard to the back of your head.
3. After a bend at the back of the head, the bandage is moved to the other side.
4. A fourth round of bandage is placed around the head.
5. The remaining dashes are applied in this order until the entire scalp is completely covered.

Head bandage in the form of a 'cap'.

Used for head injuries to stop bleeding and secure the bandage.

1. Cut a bandage about one meter long.
2. Place it in the middle at the top and hold the ends with the patient's or assistant's hands.
3. Use another head tie to secure the forehead and back of the head.
4. This continues and reaches the headband.
5. Wrap the tie around the headband and bring it around the back of your head to the headband on the other side.
6. Wrap the tie around the headband again and bring it around the head slightly higher than the fastening loop.
7. Repeated loops of the bandage completely cover the scalp.

Single blindfold (monocular)

1. The fixation loop of the bandage is wrapped around the head and covers the frontal and occipital nodules.
2. The bandage is brought down from behind and held over the cheek under the earlobe on the affected side and covers the affected eye.
3. Then you move on to circular strokes around the head.
4. Alternate with 2-3 strokes.

What to expect after removing a polyp in the uterus

Hysteroscopy and curettage are minimally invasive procedures, and few unpleasant symptoms occur after the removal of uterine polyps and other masses. A few hours after the procedure, the patient can be discharged home, but a one-day hospital stay to monitor her further condition is not excluded. The doctor prescribes various medications to prevent postoperative complications. After removal of uterine polyps, painful sensations appear in the lower abdomen, and if the pain is severe, medications (analgesics and antispasmodics) are prescribed. There may be bloody discharge for a few days, but this only lasts a few hours, otherwise anemia will occur with corresponding consequences.

The regular menstrual cycle is not restored immediately; some patients report a quick return to normality (after 30-40 days). In most cases, the cycle returns to normal after 3 to 4 months, although the changes can affect not only the frequency of the cycle, but also the amount of discharge and its duration.

Treatment of gynecological diseases is often carried out with the aim of eliminating the causes of infertility. Uterine polyps, like myometrial nodules, do not in themselves exclude pregnancy, but they can cause some difficulties, in particular the meeting of the sex cells, the exit of the fertilized egg, its implantation and complicating birth. After removal of the tumors, pregnancy can be planned after 6 months, since during this time the woman's body has had time to fully recover and prepare for the upcoming pregnancy.

postoperative period

The methods of removing uterine polyps are minimally traumatic, but the woman should carefully monitor her health after the operation and immediately alert her doctor to any unusual symptoms. If bleeding persists, atypical discharge, and elevated body temperature, postoperative impairment should be suspected.

Postoperative complications are extremely rare, but it is important to be aware of the possibility of their occurrence. Among the most common are uterine bleeding, which many patients consider normal. After removal of uterine polyps, bleeding should not last longer than 7-10 days and should subside gradually. If this is not the case, a doctor should be consulted.

Inflammatory reactions caused by infection cannot be ruled out. These are manifested by an increase in body temperature, severe pain in the lower abdomen, purulent discharge and an unpleasant odor. To prevent the possibility of inflammation, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs are prescribed after the removal of uterine polyps.

A cervical spasm can lead to the formation of a hematoma (collection of blood in the uterine cavity), causing severe pain and inflammation. To prevent this reaction, antispasmodic medications are prescribed. Very rarely, during procedures, perforation of the uterus, overstretching of the uterine cavity and other consequences occur due to violations of safety and manipulation techniques.

All of these reactions affect the treatment results and health status, so any suspicious symptoms should be reported to the treating doctor. He or she can adjust treatment tactics and select the most effective measures to eliminate the effects and speed up recovery from manipulation.

1. Lubnin D. Selective uterine artery embolization in the algorithm of treatment of organ-preserving uterine fibroids: dissertation. – Moscow : [Moscow State Medical and Dental University MH RF], 2005.
2. Hysteroscopy // The great medical encyclopedia / edited by BV Petrowski. – M.: Soviet encyclopedia, 1974-1989.
3. 'Operative Gynecology', ed. by VI Kulakov, M. – Medicine, 1990, 390 p.
4. Persianinov VV 'Operative Gynecology'. – Moscow – Medicine, 1985, 100 p.
5. Zaporozhan VV, 'Treatment of diseases of the female genital organs', Odessa, Folio, 2001, 456 pp.

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