Podiatrist what kind of doctor

A gnathologist may consult an oral surgeon, orthodontist, periodontist, and other specialists to correct any abnormalities found.

Podiatry:

Podiatry is the branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of foot and lower limb disorders. Podiatry includes various congenital and acquired foot deformities (flatfoot, valgus deformity, plantar fasciitis), the diabetic foot, etc.

The foot is so complex in structure and performs such important functions despite its small size that it could be called the eighth wonder of the world. It allows you to move, stand, rise from a sitting position and is responsible for the safety of the most important element of the skeleton - the spine. It is often referred to as the foundation of the body and, like the foundation of any structure, has a lot to do with our body.

The foot is one of the concentration centers of biologically active points. Incidentally, this also explains why you are almost guaranteed to catch a cold if you get wet feet: your fingertips are connected to your sinuses.

The adult foot is affected at the following stages of life:

• Aged 30-35 years. The female foot is more affected during this period. Heels, pregnancy, negatively affect the condition of the feet. Men's feet begin to deform after the age of 35 as the flexibility of the muscle corset decreases with age,
• After the age of 50, bone strength decreases and the hormonal balance changes, which severely affects bone tissue.

Symptoms for which a podiatrist is consulted:

• tripping shoes;
• swellings on the foot;
• pain in the toe and ankle joints;
• severe pain in the balls of your feet when walking or running;
• lower back pain;
• bursitis (inflammation of the joint capsule);
• numbness and swelling of the feet;
• Toe deformities caused by abnormal bone development or wearing high-heeled shoes.

A visit to the podiatrist is highly recommended for anyone over the age of 35 who is overweight. This is a preventive measure to prevent the development of flat feet or joint deformities.

What kind of dentist

A dental periodontist is a board-certified physician with a degree in medicine and a specialization in dentistry. The doctor has an advanced training certificate in periodontology. It corrects abnormal periodontal structures and prevents the development of tissue changes that anchor dental units to the jawbone.

To avoid the question of what kind of doctor a periodontist is, consider what he or she treats. Dentistry has several profiles in which doctors of different specialties work. One of these specialties is periodontology. It deals with the prevention of the development of periodontal lesions and the treatment of periodontal pathology.

• The periodontium is the thin layer of connective tissue in the form of ligaments that lies between the dental cementum and the bone;
• The cementum, the solid substance that surrounds the root of the tooth;
• the mucous membrane lining the oral cavity;
• the soft gum tissue surrounding the tooth elements;
• the alveolar process – the bony structure of the jaw that serves as the tooth bed and is riddled with nerve endings and capillaries.

What types of problems does a periodontist treat?

Let's take a look at what a periodontist treats. The physician's responsibilities include the treatment of diseases that have developed in the periodontal structures. This includes several diseases.

gingivitis

In this case, inflammation develops in the peri-gingival tissues. It occurs without destruction of the periodontal ligament apparatus. Only the gum tissue is affected. The first symptoms of the disease are bleeding and pain in the tissues around the teeth. This is the acute form of the disease.

Swelling, reddening of the mucous membrane on the gums and itching quickly occur. In the chronic form of gingivitis, there is little or no discomfort and the patient does not go to the dentist. But even if there are no symptoms of the disease, the disease progresses steadily.

The pathology grows imperceptibly, and complications develop. The patient develops ulcerative and necrotic cavities, hypertrophic changes in the gum tissue occur, and the affected mucous membrane peels off.

Poor oral hygiene, which leads to increased proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, is considered a common cause of gingivitis. The periodontist treats the patient with conservative periodontal therapy. The plaque is cleaned from the teeth. Antiseptics and antibiotics are prescribed.

periodontitis

Periodontitis is an inflammatory periodontal disease that is infectious in nature. It leads to the destruction of the gum bundles and the breakdown of the bone. As the disease progresses, the patient's teeth become loose and fall out. The disease is classified as polyetiological.

Many factors are involved in the development of the disease. Plaque often builds up in the mouth, which encourages the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The disease can occur due to a hereditary predisposition. It also develops as a result of constant injury to the gums. Periodontitis is also associated with diabetes and hormonal imbalances.

When is it worth visiting a gonatologist?

A gonatologist may be interested in neurological, dental, or other symptoms that indicate abnormal maxillofacial function. In the early stages these are the following signs

• rapid fatigue of the jaw muscles when chewing food;
• Hypertonia, spasm of the muscles of mastication when one has to chew food thoroughly;
• a burning, piercing pain in the area of the temporomandibular joint;
• involuntary clenching of the jaw when you are awake or asleep (bruxism);
• Discomfort opening and closing the mouth, especially with large movements (eg, yawning)
• Restriction of jaw movement when mouth cannot be fully opened;
• cracking, crunching in jaw joint when chewing food;
• Ringing in the ears on one or both sides of the ear of unknown origin, especially when no pathology of the ear or cerebral vessels is detected;
• chronic headaches of unclear origin, in which neurological, vascular and neoplastic diseases cannot be excluded;
• Chronic pain and tension in the collarbone area if there are no spinal problems.

It is also advisable to consult a gnatologist if there are no complaints but there are obvious anatomical abnormalities of the structure of the jaw. This can be indicated by:

• incomplete occlusion of the teeth;
• asymmetrical dentition (e.g. full dentition on the left side and broken dentition on the right side);
• Crooked teeth.

In these cases, the dentist will work with the orthodontist and dental surgeon to create an appropriate treatment plan. Ideally, before any orthodontic or prosthetic treatment, a consultation with a dentist is necessary:

• before fitting orthodontic appliances and after their removal;
• before a prosthetic treatment;
• after a prosthetic work with an unsatisfactory result (to find hidden problems).

Diagnostic and treatment methods in gnathology

Determining the problems that can be detected and corrected by the gnathologist requires thorough diagnostic work. It begins with the standardization of the patient's symptoms and medical history. At the first appointment, the specialist will ask you to bring dental records or x-rays, although for a competent and experienced doctor, an examination of the patient is sufficient.

During visual inspection of the mouth, head, and craniofacial area, the gnathologist looks for the following:

• the general arrangement of the teeth in rows - their number, their position in relation to each other, the correct jaw closure;
• the general static condition of the jaw muscles - degree of their tension, development, symmetry;
• general condition of jaw muscles in dynamics – symmetry of tension during chewing movements, when opening and closing the mouth, during other manipulations;
• general facial symmetry – degree of development of individual parts of the face, muscles, presence of lines of expression on both sides, their type;
• Static and dynamic condition of the neck and collarbone muscles during chewing movements, turning and tilting the head;
• the patient's posture, the degree of tension or relaxation of the back muscles and the symmetry of the back.

During the physical examination, an experienced gnatologist can already make a preliminary diagnosis. Further instrumental examinations serve to confirm this and to identify the mechanism of the abnormality.

Mandatory diagnostic procedures in gnathology include:

• Electronic cordography (axiography) – a method of recording the functioning of the ANS in the form of recording the movements of the jaw process along the slope of the temporal bone;
• Rheoarthrography – an X-ray diagnostic method that allows us to detect anomalies in the blood supply to muscles, soft tissues of the oral cavity and jaw system;
• Panoramic X-ray of the upper and lower jaw – a classic, currently little-used diagnostic method that allows us to visualize the structure of the skeletal bones of the head and face, as well as the jaw system, to detect congenital defects and injuries;
• Magnetic resonance tomography and computed tomography of the temporomandibular joint – modern radiological methods to obtain three-dimensional images of the jaw bones, facial skull and temporomandibular joint, teeth and surrounding soft tissues, as well as the vascular system with contrast medium;
• Phonoartrography – a method that can record abnormal joint sounds during function that may indicate ENS dysfunction;
• Axiography - a unique method of digitally recording jaw movements, their amplitude and progression in various movement sequences.

What does the treatment look like?

Podiatrists are seen more as a preventive measure, but many people in their 30s are already having problems. The doctor conducts an examination and diagnoses diseases. It is often the podiatrist who discovers at an early stage the diseases that cause problems in old age. In the early stages, the diseases are easy to treat.

The doctor examines the skin, joints, nail plates, ligaments, and muscles. Before you visit a specialist, you should have a blood test (general) and a fungal test. This helps the doctor find hidden problems.

But what can adults do who can no longer go to the doctor holding their hand?

People who are sensitive to abnormalities in the normal functioning of the body do the right thing: they go to the doctor. A competent doctor always carefully collects the anamnesis - the medical and life history of the patient - and looks for cause-effect relationships. In a number of cases, the symptoms are related to a foot disease. When this connection is established, the patient is referred to a doctor who deals with this particular pathology. It should be noted that nowadays more and more people are aware of the existence of a podiatrist or podiatrist. A podiatrist also works in our clinic.

What can the doctor offer?

If the examination reveals a flat foot, deformity or flattening of the arch of the foot, the selection of custom-fitted orthopedic insoles* Foot inserts or orthoses. Orthoses and insoles are just one part of conservative treatment. The treatment program may include drug injections (analgesic and anti-inflammatory), physiotherapeutic treatments (modern magnetic and electrotherapy), therapeutic exercises and various types of drug blockades. A complex of conservative measures will help relieve pain and inflammation, normalize metabolic processes in the joints and muscles, and support the arch of the foot by wearing individual insoles. If these measures are ineffective, surgical intervention may be necessary, but that is another topic.

During the visit, the podiatrist first assesses the degree of foot deformity by examining the height of the arch of the foot under static loading while standing and lying down and performing functional tests - muscle and joint tests - and a neurological examination (local symptoms such as sensory disturbances, atrophy or regeneration of the tendon reflexes, development of muscle paresis in the lower limbs). Based on the findings, appropriate insoles or orthoses are then selected to correct the height of the arch of the foot, change the inclination of the foot and thus place unnecessary stress on the surrounding joints and spine, reducing the likelihood of comorbidities and complications.

In our clinic you can have orthoses made immediately during your appointment. The insole is tailored to the correction task and the individual foot. If necessary, the same insoles can be adjusted in the course of treatment or if wearing habits change. It is so convenient: the patient comes to the appointment with a problem and leaves practically in therapeutic shoes. Podiatry also has other specialties - foot health is treated by surgeons, dermatologists and endocrinologists. We wish you joy in every movement and only the right steps on your way through life!

What does an orthodontist treat?

The doctor of this specialty deals with various types of dental arch defects. It corrects abnormally growing or crooked teeth, chin asymmetry and problems with chewing function. However, treating trauma and correcting the jaw is not part of his area of expertise. These problems are treated by the dentists.

bite

• Distal bite, in which an overdeveloped upper jaw protrudes significantly, changing the shape of the face;
• mesial bite, in which the lower jawbone is more pronounced;
• deep bite, in which the lower incisors almost completely overlap with the upper ones;
• open, that is, partial closing of the jaws with the formation of a gap;
• crossed, with the upper and lower jaws closing like scissors.

jaw defects

• Macro and micro rotation of the jaw (size changes), with one jaw much larger than the other;
• Misalignment of the jaw (asymmetry, prognathia, retrognathia);
• Occlusion, ie malocclusion or overlapping of the dental arches.

Teeth and dentition anomalies

• Altered dentition;
• abnormal alignment of the teeth;
• Jaw size errors (narrowed, enlarged, shortened, lengthened);
• Asymmetric Alignment;
• Interdental defects (crowding or gaps).

diagnosis

Orthodontic treatment includes many different methods. Dentures, braces, trainers and other systems are used to correct problems.

The first and most important step in treating dental defects is correcting the dental problems. The teeth are treated before the insertion of the braces, since the correction process makes them susceptible to damage, which leads to an aggravation of the pathology. Treating a diseased tooth under braces is difficult and can reduce the effectiveness of corrective therapy.

After the dental treatment, the orthodontist selects the method of correcting the defects. Orthodontic brackets or braces are used to correct bite or tooth misalignments. How long they are worn depends on the nature and severity of the problem. After their removal, a retention phase follows, which helps to preserve the effect and avoid recurrence. Without the retention phase, the dentition can shift and return to the original pathology.

Timely treatment at a dental clinic can prevent and correct many problems, including misaligned jaws and bites. Experienced specialists will explain to you who an orthodontist is and why you should visit one. A highly qualified dentist will effectively perform the orthodontic correction and help maintain the result.

Important!!!
The information contained in this article is for informational purposes only. Only a doctor can make a diagnosis and prescribe the appropriate treatment.

Chief doctor of the network 'Zub.ru' and the department of M. Shabolovskaya

Geriatric related patients

Childhood and old age have their own unique characteristics in how organs and systems function. From birth to 16 years of age, the child is observed by a pediatrician, and it is also important for the elderly to be observed by a specialist in this field. As in children, the medication should be dosed individually for older people. In this way, a positive effect can be achieved without the risk of overdose and side effects.

According to the WHO, people's ages are divided into the following categories

• young – up to the age of 45;
• mature - 46 to 59 years old; and
• older – 60 to 74 years
• older people – 75 to 89 years
• very old – 90 years and older.

A geriatrician's field of activity includes people who have reached the age of 60. The field of activity of a geriatrician includes people who have reached the age of 60..

Skills of the geriatrician

A geriatrician diagnoses, treats, and prevents disease in people over the age of 60, including those with disabilities. He takes care of patients of this age group, develops rehabilitation measures to restore lost functions and deals with issues of social support for the elderly.

Diseases that fall under the geriatrician's purview include.

• cardiovascular diseases (angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, non-cardiac atherosclerosis);
• endocrine diseases (diabetesobesity, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism);
• Neurological diseases (radiculitis, neuritis, consequences of strokes);
• Mental disorders (senile dementia, anxiety, hallucinations);
• Diseases of the musculoskeletal system (osteochondrosis, osteoarthritis, joint contractures);
• Diseases of the genitourinary system (cystitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis);
• diseases of the digestive system (gastritis, enteritis, colitis, hemorrhoids);
• Respiratory diseases (atherosclerosis, congestive pneumonia, chronic bronchitis);
• Oncology;
• trophic diseases (trophic ulcers, non-healing wounds after operations, bed sores);
• Skin diseases (dry seborrhea, dermatitis, eczema).

The geriatrician is familiar with the peculiarities of the course of the disease in the elderly and knows the treatment regimens and drug dosages. The care of older people by a specialist doctor increases the quality and effectiveness of treatment.

What exactly does a geriatrician do?

Such doctors work as psychologists, social workers and therapists. They work with elderly patients at all stages of medical care.

Initial visit and diagnosis. The doctor conducts an examination and collects information about the patient's age

• age and general health. The geriatrician assesses the behavior of basic self-care skills and the quality of sleep. He must be informed about which diseases have already been diagnosed, which specialists the older person sees and what treatment he is receiving. Ideally, the doctor has access to the patient's medical records, outpatient and inpatient documents, and the results of the most recent examinations. He will take into account the current health conditions and collect information about any negative symptoms: pain, problems with the heart, digestive system, other organs and systems, mobility limitations;
• mental status: maintenance of memory, cognitive function, ability to absorb new information, stability of the emotional background, the presence of age-related mental changes. The geriatrician may run separate tests to assess risk of dementia, Alzheimer's, and other diseases;
• social indicators: social circle, interactions with others, frequency and type of social contacts. The doctor needs to know who the elderly person lives with, whether they have contact with relatives and if so, how often;
• Characteristics of the environment: safety, comfort of the apartment, the presence of special accommodations for the elderly person, the availability of social services, shops, the elderly doctor's possibility of participating in cultural, entertainment and other events, the availability of medical and other services are evaluated.

The initial examination by the gerontologist takes about an hour, and the doctor may recommend additional examinations: general and biochemical blood tests, clinical urine tests, ECG, ultrasound of certain organs and other diagnostics. This is done in order to obtain detailed information about the patient's condition and formulate a set of recommendations for treatment, prevention of age-related diseases, diet and lifestyle.

Why is regular consultation with a geriatrician necessary?

It is advisable to see a geriatrician regularly. He is able to identify negative health changes, adjust the prescribed treatment and help the patient adapt to changes in their environment. Frequently, geriatricians build a trusting and intimate relationship with the elderly – this is important to ensure full contact, follow-up of recommendations and listening.

After the age of 60, the body continues to change: metabolism slows, vision and hearing decrease, and the strain on the kidneys, heart, liver and other organs can increase. A geriatrician constantly monitors these changes and offers preventive approaches and therapies to help compensate for them.

In order to see such a doctor, one does not have to come to a clinic, but can also invite him to his home. Doctors at the Panacea Center recommend seeing a geriatrician at home when an elderly person seldom goes outside, has trouble walking, or when they feel more comfortable talking to a specialist at home.

Experienced Doctors. Treatment in hospital or at home. 24-hour availability in Moscow and the region. Professional, anonymous and secure.

How to register a relative in our clinic?

Our clinic treats elderly patients at home, on an outpatient or inpatient basis. You are always welcome to visit us to tour the center, meet the staff and get advice. We kindly ask you to make an appointment in advance by calling +7 (495) 373-20-18.

We provide our services after signing a contract and after payment on a billing basis. In home care, the appointments for the visits of the nurses and the treatment program are arranged individually. Our outpatient clinic can offer a transport service for outpatient or inpatient treatment.

Treatment and rehabilitation of mental illness and dementia in the elderly.

129336, Moscow,
Shenkursky proezd, 3b.

diseases of the throat

Most often, a doctor is consulted for sore throat, laryngitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, measles, mononucleosis. The diseases are characterized by the following symptoms

• Sore throat;
• presence of plaque on the tonsils;
• enlarged lymph nodes;
• high body temperature;
• low stamina;
• reddening of the throat.

Diagnostic measures include oral examination by a doctor, specular laryngoscopy, hypopharyngoscopy, CT scan, and MRI. Treatment measures depend on the problem that caused the disease.

If it is an infectious disease, then antiviral and antibacterial therapies are prescribed. Physiotherapy can also be prescribed. Surgical intervention may be required if the disease severely affects the patient's health. For example, an operation is necessary for chronic tonsillitis.

Does a child need an ENT doctor?

Young children can suffer from the same ear, nose and ear disorders as their parents. Therefore, if you notice any troubling symptoms, you should make an appointment for a consultation immediately. The doctor's visit begins with taking the medical history, examining and palpating, ordering further tests if necessary, and choosing the treatment regimen. The ENT doctor offers professional care for children of all ages.

The ear, nose and throat specialists at the Caring Doctor Clinic will always provide you with competent advice, recommend the necessary examinations and prescribe the right treatment.

You can now make an appointment with an ENT doctor for children and adults in Kolpin by telephone 8(812)244-88-74 or via the form on our website

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