Photo of a teenager's leg

However, it is important for a teenager to go through all the stages as this is the key to a satisfying sex life in the future.

Transition age for boys

The physiological restructuring of teenagers affects their psyche and behavior. They have their own point of view, often question what adults say and test the boundaries of what is acceptable. But at this age, children need the support of their parents, and they also need clearly defined boundaries and rules.

If a child is oriented towards adults and the rules they set before puberty, he or she will initially become more independent, impulsive and unbalanced. And that has a lot to do with brain development.

'During puberty, the parts of the brain responsible for the characteristics associated with adulthood mature' - says psychologist Lyudmila Petranovskaya. – It is the ability to foresee the consequences of one's own actions, to plan the realization of goals, to rely on one's own insights and values, regardless of the emotions and opinions of other people. However, when the system is actively developing, it does not yet work well enough and is very vulnerable to any influence.

Parents can take comfort in the fact that such changes in adolescent behavior and risk-taking are not due to the effects of parenting or even to endocrine disorders (although their role should not be ignored). The main reason why traditional educational techniques no longer work at this age lies in the genetic mechanisms of brain development.

Changes in the adolescent brain occur primarily in two areas. The limbic system is responsible for the formation of emotions, and this is also where the pleasure center is located. The second area is the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for self-regulation and controls social behavior. During adolescence, the limbic system initially develops more rapidly, causing teenagers to be more emotionally unstable and impulsive, seeking new sensations and pleasures.

However, as the prefrontal cortex develops, the ability to control one's own thoughts, feelings, impulses and actions becomes more developed. Gradually, these two systems come into balance, and the teenager's behavior approaches that of an adult - you just have to wait until this process is completed.

Find the balance between restraint and support

Psychologists compare puberty to driving a car that has a sensitive gas pedal and bad brakes. And the task of the older generation is to have patience and compassion for the teenager who does not fully understand what is happening to him or her, and is even afraid of it. And to help him protect himself, not only by limiting access to harmful activities and bad company, but also by helping him develop the ability to self-control.

The rules and restrictions set by adults are like a formwork for the foundation of a teenager's future personality. They protect him from 'going off the rails' until he gets stronger.

Appropriate restrictions help protect the child from bad company and other crises of growing up. However, these protective walls or rules should be built together - discuss them with your teenager and justify their necessity. It's not easy, but we're not children anymore.

If we want our education to lead to self-reflection and self-regulation, we need to 'pump up' exactly this brain function. This means not speaking to the teenager as an irrational being who does not understand his usefulness and therefore sits on his phone instead of reading a book. It is the nascent prefrontal cortex that needs to be addressed.

For example: 'Let's do a little research. You watched videos on TikTok for three hours because you were tired after class and wanted to relax. Do you think the amount of information you learned is worth the three hour investment? Can you rate your feeling of tiredness at the beginning and end of the three hours on a ten-point scale? Do you think this type of relaxation was a good idea?'.

This means that the rational, adult part of his personality needs to be addressed more often and gradually encouraged.

However, this does not change the fact that in some situations it makes sense to introduce control and at the same time declare bans and restrictions. For example, a 'no phone in the bedroom' rule if the child is not getting enough sleep. But then the rule should apply to everyone in the family - at 11 p.m. we put the phones in a box and go to bed. If this is the case, young people will perceive the ban as fair and will be more likely to comply.

Causes and nature of disease development

The exact causes of varicose veins in children are not yet clear. In medicine, it is speculated that the impact of harmful factors on the female body during pregnancy can lead to a disorder in the development of the deep veins of the embryonic limbs, resulting in the appearance of varicose veins.

For this reason, it is important to pay attention to diet and behavior during pregnancy. Health problems in the mother can cause varicose veins in the child:

• infectious diseases;
• poisoning and poisoning;
• injuries;
• stress, chronic fatigue, depression;
• Unhealthy habits of one or both parents – smoking, alcoholism, drugs.

The first symptoms of the disease can appear in the first year of a child's life.

Important!!!

The most common causes of varicose veins in young people are incorrect strain on the joints, inappropriate sitting at the table, lack of exercise, flat feet, curvature of the spine and herniated discs.

Clinical picture of the patient

Varicose veins cause skin discoloration characterized by prominent veins, enlargement, and lengthening of the lower limbs. Children who suffer from varicose veins from birth develop pigmented spots on their legs that enlarge over time and become painful when walking.

Delayed consultation of a specialist can lead to the development of a rich star-shaped network on the legs, thighs and buttocks, causing venous congestion, which is one of the main causes of trophic ulcers.

During puberty, the situation worsens - erosive lesions appear on the skin and children complain of pain when walking. Cardiovascular disorders and fluctuations in high blood pressure can occur.

Warning.

The characteristic symptoms of varicose veins at a young age are pulsating and swollen veins that occur even with slight pressure on the joints.

Phase of erotic libido (ages 10 to 14 years)

Interest in the intimate side of the male-female relationship means that the adolescent moves from the platonic to the erotic stage of psychosexual development. The erotic component can already be seen in the fantasies about the loved one - in dreams the lovers hug and kiss each other. In addition, young people are interested in making their fantasies come true. They develop a desire for tenderness and caresses - gentle words and touch. Lovers desire privacy with the object of their affection. First dates, kissing and cuddling occur in the relationship. Also petting – mutual caresses of a more intimate nature, but without sexual intercourse.

Interest in each other's bodies and new sensations can also be aroused through the experience of masturbation. This is quite common at this stage of puberty, and sexologists agree that it should be accepted as normal. In this way, the adolescent can free himself from the intense sexual tension.

At this stage, teenagers want to share their feelings with someone. Girls can keep a diary or discuss erotic topics with friends. Boys may want to share their experiences with friends. Teenagers in this stage may seek communication with older members of their own gender.

It is important to understand that the erotic phase of sexual development is also a very important phase of adolescence. In this phase, the attitude towards one's own body and one's appearance is shaped. Experiencing mutual tenderness helps to mentally prepare for sexual intimacy.

Important for parentsIf there are warm, trusting relationships in the parental home and the young people receive enough attention and support from their caregivers, the likelihood of early sexual activity is very low. Conversely, conflicts and misunderstandings in the family can lead the child to look for another person who loves and accepts him. In this case, the child may make great efforts to maintain and strengthen the relationship with his lover, even if the psychological readiness for sexual intimacy is not yet present.

First sexual libido (from 16 years old)

The onset of sexual activity signals the beginning of a phase of sexual development. It is characterized by increased sexual arousal in boys caused by rapid production of the male hormone testosterone. Petting and masturbation are no longer enough for them; they want to fully satisfy their sex drive.

In girls, the beginning of the sexual phase is characterized primarily by the psychological readiness for intimacy and the presence of sexual desire. Many girls are afraid of having sexual intercourse for the first time because they are afraid of pain. But they also fear the change in social role from girl to woman. They are afraid of what their friends, parents and colleagues will say.

It is important to remember that the first sexual experience plays a huge role in a person's life. If a girl is forced to do this through psychological or physical coercion, it can affect her entire sex life. This can lead to problems such as anorgasmia or even frigidity. In boys, ridicule about their intimate skills can lead to problems with erectile dysfunction.

Important for parentsTeens need to know as much as possible about how to protect themselves from sex to avoid illness or unwanted pregnancies. It is better if they hear about it from people close to them.

A major factor that prevents a girl from becoming sexually active due to the pressure placed on her is her good self-esteem and her ability to assert herself. A strong positive self-image allows her to make decisions based on her own beliefs, otherwise she might be tempted by a man in order to remain attractive in his eyes.

General hygiene. Boy – teenager – young man

Hygiene for a boy, teenager, or young adult includes skin and hair care, care of clothing and shoes, daily activities (including sleep hygiene), and injury prevention.
Proper skin care is necessary to prevent inflammatory diseases and premature skin aging.

The products of the sebaceous and sweat glands must be constantly removed from the skin to avoid contamination. This requires daily washing with soap and water and washing the uncovered parts of the body at least twice a week.

It is important to observe how boys wash their faces. It is not uncommon for many of them to only wash the front part of their face, leaving dirty streaks on other parts of the face. Many of them don't know how to properly wipe themselves after washing their hands and washing. Proper wiping is essential because poorly wiped areas can lead to cracked skin, cracks and roughness. Washing should not be painful or uncomfortable for the boy. If washing is unpleasant, a permanent negative attitude towards it develops, even aversion.
When washing, water at room temperature should be used, as hot water causes the skin to sag and reduces its elasticity, while cold water, by narrowing blood vessels, impairs the proper nutrition of the skin and delays the secretion of sebum, which ultimately contributes to the formation of blackheads. Hands should be washed after any contamination, after using the toilet, before eating and after playing with pets. If possible, you should shower daily.
During puberty, sweat production increases and the sweat takes on a characteristic odor. Therefore, washing the armpits daily is necessary. Many teenage girls, boys and men sweat profusely on their feet. Flat feet, tight, uncomfortable footwear, especially with rubber soles, and wearing synthetic stockings and socks contribute to sweating on the feet. Of course, sweating is greatly increased by negligent foot care and irregular changing of socks. In addition to causing an unpleasant, sometimes very strong smell, it also directly contributes to health problems: foot wax (cracks, dirt and pimples between the toes).
To prevent all of this, it is important to wash your feet every day with cold water, change your socks and make sure that your shoes are always dry. Only poor hygiene can explain why some teenagers, boys and men feel so uncomfortable with their feet that it is indecent to take off their shoes when they leave the house because their socks stink.
It is important to remember that a person can never appear more attractive to others by being passive about any part of their appearance. A boy should always take care of his hair - wash it when it is dirty and cut it monthly. It is very bad for the hair if worn uncovered in winter as it causes hair loss.
Don't neglect nail care. Above all, they should be cut regularly and washed every time you return from the street, from work or before eating.
Boys have clothes at home, at school and outdoors. It is important that the young man is used to changing clothes and does not appear in the same clothes everywhere - at school, going for a walk, at a concert and playing sports in these clothes.

How to communicate with a teenager

The boy's behavior during this time can be very worrying for parents. They fear that emotionality, instability, strange interests and conflicts will become part of their son's personality. The thought of the boy's future causes them great concern, as does concern for his safety.

Parents strengthen their control by demanding that their son not laze around, not play computer games, but do what they consider right and useful. However, such tactics only make the situation worse. The teenager will respond to the pressure by becoming even more rebellious and defending his boundaries.

In order to properly raise a 13 to 16 year old son, there are a few rules to follow.

Do not be annoyed if he is idle, do not force him to constantly do something useful and right. Outwardly he seems to be doing nothing, but in reality he has a lot of thoughts and feelings. He tries to organize his thoughts, to understand himself, his relationship to life, to the future and to other people. This creates the natural need to be alone with yourself.

Give him the freedom to search for himself and his fulfillment, support him when he shows interest in something, even if it seems pointless to you. He has to find out for himself.

This is one of the basic principles of how parents should behave towards a boy from 12 years old. Show interest in him, ask him about things, but don't insist if he isn't willing to share with you. It is better to show your own sincerity, talk about your worries and concerns, and ask your son for his opinion on any topic.

A characteristic feature of the psychology of teenage boys is inconsistency. On the one hand, the son needs freedom, he wants to be an adult. On the other hand, he often feels insecure and anxious and therefore needs psychological support and stability. To achieve this, clear boundaries and rules must be established within the family.

Variants of tremor

Different diseases have their own characteristic symptoms, and in order to understand why the hands are shaking, the doctor must determine exactly how the pathology manifests itself. A distinction is made between resting tremor and functional tremor.

In the first case, the involuntary movements occur when the person is not doing anything active (just sitting, standing or lying down). In the second case, the opposite is true: tremors do not occur at rest, but as soon as the person wants to do something (lift, get up, etc.), uncontrolled muscle contractions begin.

Doctors also differentiate between different types of tremors depending on where the disorder comes from. For example, if the tremor is associated with damage to the cerebellum, it is called cerebellar tremor; If nerve fibers are damaged, a neuropathic tremor is diagnosed. One of the most complex cases is damage to the midbrain (rural tremor). If your medical record says 'dystonic tremor', the problem is due to muscular dysfunction.

severity

Depending on the strength, intensity and amplitude with which the hands shake, different degrees of tremor severity are distinguished.

• A mild tremor occurs when the tremor is imperceptible, occurs rarely, and is short-lived. The condition does not cause any particular difficulty or danger to the affected person.
• A moderate tremor of the hands is already associated with some inconvenience for the patient, especially difficulty in handling small and fragile objects.

Dermatomyositis. Polymyositis

Severe, progressive systemic disease of the muscles, skin and blood vessels of the microvascular bed, with less pronounced involvement of internal organs, often complicated by calcification and purulent infection. The clinical picture includes fever, progressive muscle weakness to complete immobilization, severe muscle pain and increasing muscle and general dystrophy.

Pathognomonic for the disease is dermatitis, which occurs in three quarters of children with juvenile dermatomyositis and is more common within a few weeks of the onset of muscle symptoms. The most typical early skin lesions are erythematous patches of purple color, especially in the periorbital (eye sign) and periorbital area, on the eyelids and auricles, rashes on the volar surfaces of the small joints of the hands (Gottron's papules), with equivalents also over other joints . Cutaneous manifestations also include erythema with swelling of the perineal folds, vascular macules, reticular eruptions, and ulcerative and necrotic lesions. Alopecia and dystrophic nail changes may occur. The vascular component appears in the form of capillaries, network structures and telangiectasias on the palm.

Systemic vasculitis

Systemic vasculitis (SV) is a group of diseases characterized by primary destructive-proliferative lesions of the vascular wall of various sizes, leading to secondary changes in organs and tissues. The existing classifications of SV take into account the caliber of the damaged vessels, the type of inflammation, histological findings and immunological features of the process. The cutaneous phenomena are divided into different activity patterns. These include petechiae/ecchymoses, reticular dermatitis, skin necrosis, ulcerations, erythema nodosum, and vascular nodules.

Hemorrhagic vasculitis and arteritis are the most important systemic vasculitis diseases in terms of frequency of skin involvement.

Types of rashes in adolescents

The following types of rashes can occur in teenagers:

• Spots – they are at the level of the skin and do not grow beyond the surface of the skin. If they are red, it is rosacea. If they are brown, they are spots with limited pigmentation. Finally, white colored spots are called vitiligo.
• The blisters are slightly raised above the skin and have a rough surface.
• Nodules are nodular lesions located inside the skin.
• Blisters are filled with fluid (often transparent): if they are small, they are vesicles, if they are large, they are bubbles. Pimples are the same as blisters, but their content is pus.
• Ulcers are those that affect the integrity of the skin and have a discharge.
• Scabs – they follow blisters, pustules, ulcers and so on. If crusts form, it means the rash has subsided and the skin can recover soon.

This age is characterized by a separate group of diseases, the main symptom of which is always the rash.

Where does the rash come from?

The causes of a rash on the skin of a teenager less than a year old are interrelated:

It is also not uncommon for a teenager to suffer from sweats. This manifests itself in the form of small, red-colored blisters located in the folds of the skin.

Diaper rash may also occur due to the teen's skin sensitivity. These are moist and already swollen crusts that are located in various folds. Sometimes they appear as a result of a fungal infection and look like scaly skin with a white coating. Diaper rash that occurs on the buttocks sometimes takes the form of retrosternal erythema, a collection of small erosions with nodules.

An important cause of the rash in adolescents can be allergies related to food or medication. The facial skin then suffers: e.g. B. Cradle cap, as an allergy to breast milk causes redness and roughness of the skin. The skin under the hair on the head can also be affected, meaning it becomes flaky and loose. Finally, the skin on the back and chest can also be affected by urticaria, which manifests itself as itchy, pink blisters.

The most important thing is to recognize the rash in a timely manner and not ignore it by identifying the cause and initiating the correct treatment.

Compatibility of vaccine and alcohol

First of all, no laboratory technician will agree to give an injection to a person who has drunk alcohol.

Even after a tetanus vaccination, drinking alcohol is not recommended. Because after administration of the serum, immunity deteriorates, the body becomes weakened, and the additional burden of intoxication with alcoholic beverages can have a negative effect on the patient.

In addition, post-vaccination reactions can occur even without alcohol. The addition of alcohol worsens the situation and provokes undesirable reactions.

If the injection site can be moistened

After the vaccination you can return to your normal activities. The fluid at the injection site does not affect the properties of the tetanus injection.

Doctors do not recommend taking long baths on the first day, especially with detergents, salts or aromatic bath additives.

You should avoid visiting baths, swimming pools and bodies of water. Consuming fatty, high-calorie foods, alcohol and energy drinks is also not recommended.

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