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Auditory hallucinations are often classified as productive psychopathological symptoms, but can also occur as a manifestation of a neurological pathology affecting certain brain structures, even in the absence of disease. Underlying the hallucinatory symptoms is abnormal activation of the auditory cortex unrelated to exposure to external stimuli and a loss of the ability to recognize inner speech as one's own. The triggering factors for auditory hallucinations are physiological changes, psychiatric illnesses and organic damage to brain tissue.

Auditory hallucinations

Auditory hallucinations – are disorders of auditory perception in which patients hear different types of sounds without the presence of a corresponding external stimulus. These can be murmurs, noises, melodies, calls, words and sentences. A distinction is made between hallucinatory voices of the neutral type, threatening voices and imperative voices. Patients perceive auditory hallucinations as part of reality: they experience fear, anxiety and carry out actions that are dangerous for themselves and others. The examination includes anamnesis, observation and carrying out the Aschaffenburg test. Symptomatic treatment is based on taking neuroleptics.

General characteristics.

Auditory hallucinations are expressed through a variety of sound phenomena - melodies, noises, voices, which are perceived by the patient as authentic, real. The perception of hallucinatory phenomena as pathological gradually arises through the persuasion of relatives and doctors. In psychiatric illnesses in which hallucinatory sounds are justified by delusional ideas, patients continue to believe in the reality of what they hear, despite the assurances of others.

Auditory hallucinations can be simple or complex. Simple hallucinations involve acousmatic noises, hissing, rattling, grinding, humming. Sometimes patients are unable to guess what kind of source the noise is coming from, in other cases they can clearly identify the 'causes' - the rustle of a shoe sole, the creak of floorboards, the hum of a car. Another type of simple auditory hallucinations are phonemes. These are speech hallucinations in the form of screams, individual vowels, syllables and word fragments.

Complex auditory hallucinations are represented by musical and verbal images. In musical phenomena, those affected hear musical instruments, singing and melodies. Verbal hallucinations are single words, phrases, monologues or dialogues. Verbal hallucinations include commenting, threatening, and commanding voices. Commentary voices comment on the patient's actions, threatening voices intimidate and imperative voices command or prohibit something, e.g. B. Committing suicide or refusing to eat.