Pathogenic germs can penetrate deeper, which can lead to meningitis and encephalitis. An extensive rupture of the membrane can cause hearing loss. This is a temporary complication and is slow to heal. If the perforation is caused by head trauma and damage to the middle and inner ear, hearing loss may be profound or permanent.
Basic causes and symptoms
There are many causes that can lead to a perforated eardrum
Depending on the cause of the eardrum rupture, the cause may be trauma or inflammation. The eardrum ruptures when air pressure on the diaphragm suddenly increases and the diaphragm abruptly bends into the middle ear cavity.
The formation of a hole in the eardrum can be caused by a number of factors, namely:
- A history of middle ear infection.
- Exposure to atmospheric pressure.
- Craniofacial injuries.
- Inadequate ear hygiene.
- Trauma from noise.
Purulent middle ear infections can also cause a hole in the membrane. The accumulation of fluid in the cavity puts strong pressure on the eardrum. The eardrum eventually becomes thinner, resulting in the formation of a hole.
Damage to the eardrum is often caused by handling the ear or by careless cleaning with sharp objects: matches, cotton balls, etc.
If there is acoustic damage, the eardrum can tear or form a hole. This can happen with a loud bang or a crackling sound.
Severe thermal damage in an industrial environment can cause parts of the eardrum to die or become perforated. A hole in the eardrum can be caused by chemical damage from acids, alkalis, or harsh chemicals. In children, the most common cause of a ruptured eardrum is the entry of a foreign body into the ear.
If the eardrum is ruptured, the patient may complain of acute pain in the ear, clear or purulent discharge, hearing impairment, or tinnitus. If an injury occurs, bloody discharge may occur from the ear. Body temperature, confusion and nausea may also occur. If these symptoms occur, it is important to seek medical attention to avoid internal spread of the infection and prevent possible complications.
treatment and prognosis
Tympanoplasty – Surgery to repair the eardrum
The opening of the eardrum usually heals on its own within a few weeks, but if this does not happen, surgery is performed.
A small hole in the membrane is treated with medication.
- Sterile tourniquets soaked in a special antibacterial solution are inserted into the ear canal.
- Painkillers can be prescribed to combat the pain.
- For purulent otitis media, antibacterial drops are used: Cipromed, Normax, Otofa, etc. A few drops are instilled in each ear canal 2-3 times a day.
- In case of eardrum perforation, ototoxic drops should not be prescribed: Polidex, Otinum, Anauran, Sofradex, etc.
The main methods of treating a perforated eardrum:
- Patching the hole. If the crack is small, the hole can be closed with a bandage. The edges of the hole are treated with a special growth agent, and then a paper plaster is applied. It may require 3 or 4 procedures to completely repair the hole.
- Surgery. If the hole is large or the eardrum is completely ruptured, surgery is performed. This procedure is called tympanoplasty or myringoplasty and is performed under general anesthesia. A small incision is made over the ear from which a thin flap of skin is removed. This is used to sew up the holes in the diaphragm.
The surgeon then lifts the eardrum and places the flap over the hole. Absorbable material is also used to hold the flap in place until it heals. This material is reabsorbed within a few weeks. To prevent infection, a swab moistened with an antibacterial agent is inserted into the ear canal.
Indications for the procedure
The procedure is recommended for various inflammatory diseases and ear pathologies, as well as for accumulations of serous contents near the membrane. Most important indications:
Pneumomassage is not carried out with exacerbation of otitis and with severe inflammation with the formation of pus.
Features of the technology
Eardrum blowing and pneumomassage is a physiotherapeutic procedure in which the doctor uses a special device to introduce high and low pressure air waves into the ear canal. This causes the eardrum to vibrate painlessly, increasing its elasticity and preventing adhesions.
No anesthetics, medications or injections are used during the massage, making it comfortable and painless for the patient. Under the influence of vibration:
- the separation and excretion of exudate is accelerated;
- improves nutrition and blood circulation in the tissues;
- the muscle fibers are strengthened;
- Adhesions are dissolved;
- The mobility of the ankle joints is restored.
Pneumomassage prevents complications from inflammatory diseases and counteracts hearing loss.
The technique does not require preparation or anesthesia, relieves swelling and improves the patient's well-being. The duration of the treatment is calculated individually depending on the diagnosis.
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