Medial sphenoid of the foot

At the first signs of a fistula, the patient should immediately consult a dentist.

Gum fistula: causes, symptoms, treatment and rehabilitation

A fistula is a swelling with an opening in the gums caused by a pathological process. It can be anywhere from half a millimeter to several millimeters in size, like a kind of pimple on the gums. Often, this pimple has a yellow spot in the center, an opening through which purulent mucus, an inflammatory exudate, escapes from the inflamed area to the outside. A fistula on the gums actually resembles a mini volcano, and the structure of this miniature volcano has a mouth through which magma - pus - comes out.
The fistula erupts like a volcano with pus and inflammatory exudate. As you can see in the photo above, the fistula is the result of an inflamed tooth root.

How can you tell if a fistula has formed in the gums? You don't want to, you immediately feel that a small lump has formed on the gum, because the tongue is very sensitive and there is often a painful process before this fistula appears. The discomfort of this process develops until the pressure of the inflammatory mass pierces the fistula. Until then, the patient can very uncomfortable in the underlying tooth. Of course, the patient notices a pustule on the gums, which is slightly painful and constantly oozes out of it.

Cause of fistula formation

A fistula can be caused by long-term, chronic inflammation of the periodontal tissue, the tooth root - periodontitis. In addition, if there is a fracture of the tooth root or a perforation has occurred, the resulting inflammation can lead to the formation of a fistula or fistulas. A fistula can also develop in peri-implantitis, an inflammatory process around previously inserted implants that actually function as artificial tooth roots: in this article we describe a clinical example of such a case, which you see in the photo above.

How a gum fistula occurs

If pulpitis or periodontitis is poorly treated, a complication develops in the form of various chronic periodontitis, and the whole process continues in a chronic form for a long time. As the chronic process worsens, the bone tissue is fused, purulent masses are formed, creating a certain pressure. This pressure, this purulent exudate, is looking for an exit:

Since the exudate is surrounded by bone tissue, the thinnest bone lamella is penetrated, perforated. Often this is the anteromedial bone lamella that surrounds the root and is not very thick. Once the cortical lamina is destroyed, the pus quickly penetrates the soft tissues. This creates a fistula through which a purulent mass emerges.

What are the symptoms of a fistula?

Before the fistula occurs, the patient feels pain on the tooth that caused the fistula. The area around the tooth is usually painful when pressure is applied to the tooth when the tooth is tapped, and even without tapping or pressure, the patient may experience a spreading sensation and pain. There may also be fever, swelling of the gums and swelling. A simple common symptom is pain in the gums.

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