Lower spastic paraparesis

My opinion: There is no evidence that the pyramidal pathways of the brain influence the development of spastic diplegia. Neurologists have been treating this pathology with drugs to stimulate the pyramidal tract for 100 years - without success!

Injuries to the spine and spinal cord in obstetric injuries. Fracture of the spinal cord in obstetric trauma

The clinical picture of obstetric spinal trauma is highly polymorphic and characterized by numerous, apparently disparate, symptoms and syndromes that vary greatly depending on the degree of damage to the spinal cord and spine and the severity of the lesions.

Spinal fractures in congenital trauma are much less common. Not all patients with such severe injuries survive.

protocol Spinal column and spinal cord injuries in birth trauma. Spinal cord fracture from birth trauma'.

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classification

Classification of congenital spinal cord injuries

Clinically asymptomatic form. In this group of patients, no pathology is detected postnatally, and only a random spondylography shows signs of congenital spinal cord injury. Under certain conditions, excessive rocking or physical therapy, the clinically asymptomatic form can sometimes become clinically manifest.

Clinically striking form. This group of patients has no real neurological symptoms, and the clinical manifestations of spinal cord injury include various deformations and asymmetries (wry neck, spinal deformity, curvature uncharacteristic of a newborn), as well as a pain syndrome when repositioning or changing the baby.

2. Combined spinal and spinal cord injuries:

– Simultaneous damage to the spine and spinal cord;

– Primary spinal cord injury with secondary spinal cord involvement.

3. Combined damage to the spine and the vessels supplying the spinal cord with the development of secondary ischemic diseases of the spine and trunk.

4. Primary native damage to the vessels supplying the spinal cord with the development of secondary spinal diseases.

5. Primary native spinal cord injury.

Clinical variants of congenital spinal cord injury at different lesion levels:

1. Neurological picture of a birth injury with cervical localization.

2. Congenital spinal cord injury with thoracic location.

3) Birth injuries with thickening of the lumbar spinal cord.

4. the indications for hospitalization: paresis, paralysis, delayed motor development, dysfunction of the pelvic organs.

Training with Dr. Nikonov

According to the World Health Organization Spastic diplegia is a form of childhood cerebral palsy in which the muscles of the limbs completely fail.

In my opinionIn my opinion, spastic diplegia is a form of cerebral palsy in which the muscles in the neck, back and buttocks are unable to move. The limbs don't move because the back muscles don't relax and keep the limb muscles moving. Watch this video on this topic:

neurologists believe.that moderate to mild spastic diplegia is caused by damage to both hemispheres of the brain, affecting movement of the upper and lower limbs.

My opinion is based on what Professor Sergei Saveliev saw under the electron microscope. The changes in the muscles (swelling) began in the uterus before the brain developed.

Professor Saveliev's opinion is verifiable and clearly stated.

neurologists believethat spastic diplegia is G 80.1. is characterized by lower spastic paresis or tetraparesis, affecting mainly the child's legs. The severity of the anomaly can range from pronounced to mild clumsiness.

neurologists believethat the disease in question is caused by increased muscle tone in the arms or legs.

My opinion: The increased muscle tension disappears up to six months after birth. This is because the fetus needs the increased muscle tension to be in the fetal position. Exactly in the sixth month there is no increased muscle tension in any baby.

Neurologists know nothing about muscle swellingYou're answering the subject of increased muscle tone based on guesswork rather than knowledge.

Causes and risk factors of spastic diplegia

Because neurologists don't know what causes spastic diplegia Neurologists don't knowNeurologists don't know what causes spastic diplegia; they suspect that there are many different causes. And if at least one of them overlaps with your lifestyle or a pregnancy event, the neurologists are satisfied: They found the cause and blame you for the event..

My opinion: It's not the mother's fault, it's not the father's fault. Muscle swelling is not heritable, and the tension between the muscle fibers depends on the information that the mother and father passed on to the child. This can be seen under the electron microscope in the fetus at 6 weeks.

I will list the causes of spastic diplegia by. Neurologists:

My opinion: There are no data to support this statement because all chromosomes are intact in children with spastic diplegia.

My opinion: There is no evidence by ultrasound or MRI. This is a guess or essay about lack of oxygen in the brain.

• Infectious changes in the brain and musculoskeletal system. When a newborn is infected, serious diseases such as meningitis, encephalitis and others can develop, which can lead to complications because the body is still small and cannot fight off such injuries.

My opinionNot all children develop spastic diplegia after infection. Children with infectious diseases who already have swelling in muscle cells or between muscle fibers will develop this condition.

My opinion.: It has been proven that the body produces alcohol during meals. Because of this, people relax after a meal. The pathology cannot be provoked. It is either present (see electron microscope) or not. The placenta does not let harmful substances through - it is a natural filter.

Treatment

Struempel's disease, which can only be treated symptomatically, is a psychologically complex disease. Patients should receive comprehensive moral support and symptomatic treatment at least twice a year.

The main thing in the treatment of the disease is to relieve muscle hypertonicity with the help of muscle relaxants (Mydocalm, Baclosan, Sirdalud, etc.). Orthopedic treatments (wearing orthotics and other devices) and neuroprotective drugs (B vitamins) are also used. Physiotherapeutic treatments, paraffin compresses, relaxation massages and metabolic drugs are indicated.

If treatment is continued, the disease progresses very slowly and the patient can maintain a good quality of life for a long time.

Characteristics of thoracic spondylosis

Thoracic spine spondylosis has several distinctive features. This variant of the degenerative-dystrophic process on the thoracic spine is almost symptomless in the initial stages. The patient has no complaints for a long time. As the disease progresses, it manifests itself in pain and restricted movement in the thoracic spine.

The disease that develops in the thoracic spine is caused by trauma to the spine, a decrease in the level of calcium in the body, a congenital deformity or age-related changes. It often causes cardiopathy with severe heart pain, shortness of breath, muscle spasms, and numbness in the limbs.

Sacral spondylosis

Lumbar sacral spondylosis is one of the most common diagnoses of degenerative dystrophic disease. Lumboisalgia (low back pain) and numbness in various parts of the lower limbs are characteristic of this type of pathology.

The classic diagnostic sign of lumbosacral spondylosis is decreased pain in the fetal position and when bending forward. These patients also complain of morning stiffness in the lower back and legs, and claudication that persists over time.

Spondylosis most commonly affects the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae. In advanced stages of the disease, the sacrum is also involved in the pathological process. For a long time the disease is symptomless. In the later stages, patients experience dull, persistent lower back pain.

diagnosis

The diagnosis is not difficult; the doctor can easily identify the disease after an examination. Muscle strength is rated on a five-point scale:

• 5 - all reflexes are intact, muscle strength is normal, the patient is healthy;
• 4 - the strength is reduced, but the patient is able to perform active movements and overcome the resistance of the doctor's hand;
• 3 - the patient is able to perform normal movements but cannot overcome the resistance;
• 2 - the patient is unable to overcome gravity;
• 1 – the movements are minimal or absent.

In the early stages of the disease, the resistance test may not give correct results - in such cases, the Barré test is additionally performed. The patient must hold the limb with the weight for an extended period of time; as the muscles weaken, the leg begins to sag within the first 20 seconds.

Paresis of the lower limbs in children is diagnosed based on the localization of pain. Initially, the children complain of being unwell and tiring quickly, followed by changes in gait, paralysis and contractures. The rate of progression of the disease is very high. It is most commonly caused by cerebral palsy or other nervous system disorders.

If there is brain damage, encephalogram, skull x-ray with contrast medium, radioisotope techniques, and electromyography are used.

Congenital hemiparesis is diagnosed by decreased reflexes, low physical activity, hypotonia or hypertonia of the muscles of the lower limbs. Infants show tremors in the arms and legs, increased excitability, and other neurological disorders.

Treatment

Treatment of paresis is comprehensive. It is important to establish the root cause of the condition in an attempt to restore innervation to the lower limbs. Heat, massage, physical therapy, and robotic techniques are applied to the legs to improve trophic function.

With bulbar paralysis, ascending spinal Werdnig-Hoffmann muscular atrophy, the patient should urgently be hospitalized and artificially ventilated, since the paresis affects not only the limbs, but also the respiratory muscles.

medication

Drugs for paresis of the lower limbs are used to treat the underlying disease and restore neurological, cardiovascular and analgesic function.

Antibiotics are prescribed to treat infectious diseases. Angioprotectors and nootropics normalize blood pressure and blood flow to the brain. Tumors, intervertebral hernias and traumatic hematomas require surgical intervention. B vitamins and immunomodulators are prescribed to maintain the body's basic functions and strengthen weakened tissues.

When spastic paresis of the lower limbs is diagnosed, skeletal muscle relaxants are prescribed: Cirdalud, Tizanil. These drugs relieve hypertension and pain, and have a calming effect on neuroses and hyperactivity.

Also read: Help with Nighttime Leg Cramps

physical therapy

Physiotherapy treatments can improve nerve conduction to the weakened muscles and increase the effectiveness of medications. They are prescribed to people with paresis of the lower limbs:

symptoms

motor disorders

There are different types of paraplegia:

• muscle dysfunction;
• loss of motor function;
• Symmetrical or concentrated paralysis in a specific area of the leg.

Injury or disease can disrupt the connections between the brain and spinal cord. This leads to spontaneous movements and hypertonia or hypotonia of the leg muscles.

Disorders of sensory perception

Anesthesia or hypoesthesia - loss of skin sensitivity and inability to judge adequately:

Hypoesthesia (upper limit of skin sensitivity) correlates with the same degree of spinal cord injury.

pain

Pain sensations in paraplegia may disappear or last for a long time after the injury has healed. They are localized both in areas that have not lost sensation and in areas that are completely paralyzed. This is due to damage to the ZM, which sends false signals or blocks them entirely.

The pain not only affects the patient's nervous system, but can also help to localize a diseased organ or an inflammatory process in the first place.

• Depression;
• muscular overactivity;
• physical exhaustion;
• Changes in environmental conditions (temperature, air pressure).

autonomic disorders

Sexual and genital disorders

In men

Sexual intercourse requires an erection, which becomes impossible with complete paralysis of the lower limbs with sacral spinal cord entrapment.

General principles of treatment

There is no specific medical treatment for paraplegia. There are only certain steps for the most successful recovery possible:

1. elimination of the consequences of the violation. The doctor first treats the fractures and analyzes the condition of the spinal cord and nerves.
2. Restoration of normal upper body function.
3. Maximum restoration of motor activity in the injured area for continued independent living.

After the surgical procedure, the patient will live on a ventilator for some time.

The rehabilitation therapist will then teach the patient forced expiratory and coughing techniques, which are particularly helpful when bronchopulmonary obstruction is present.

Also Read: Why Do Leg Cramps Occur During Pregnancy?

Kinesiotherapy is a set of techniques used to work on injured parts of the body. It is used to:

A kinesiologist teaches patients how to move and sit properly in a wheelchair, how to balance without a back brace, and how to perform basic wheelchair exercises.

Caused

Cerebral palsy is the result of an injury or an abnormality in brain development. In many cases, the exact cause of cerebral palsy is not known. Injury or abnormal development of the brain can occur during pregnancy, childbirth, and even in the first two to three years after birth.

• Possible causes of cerebral palsy during pregnancy or childbirth can include genetic problems, infections or health problems in the mother or fetus during pregnancy, or complications related to childbirth. Any of these problems can affect fetal development, blood supply, and the supply of essential nutrients to the fetus through the bloodstream. For example, systematic hypoglycaemia can lead to the development of cerebral palsy.
• A possible cause of cerebral palsy is premature birth and the resulting underdevelopment of the brain. Premature children have a high risk of cerebral hemorrhage (intraventricular hemorrhage). The so-called periventricular leukomalacia, in which the white matter of the brain is damaged, occurs more frequently in premature babies than in children who are born to term. Both conditions increase the risk of cerebral palsy. – Possible causes of cerebral palsy in the first 2 to 3 years after birth are usually brain damage as a result of a serious illness such as meningitis, traumatic brain injury as a result of an accident, or cerebral hypoxia.

prevention

The cause of cerebral palsy (brain paralysis) is sometimes unknown. However, certain risk factors have been identified that have been shown to be associated with the onset of cerebral palsy. Some of these risk factors can be avoided. Compliance with certain conditions during pregnancy will help reduce the risk of brain damage to the fetus. These recommendations include:

symptoms

Even if the condition is present at birth, cerebral palsy (CP) symptoms may not be noticed until one to three years of age. This is due to the growth pattern of the child. Neither doctors nor parents pay attention to a child's limited motor skills until they become obvious. Children can retain the reflex movements of newborns without age-appropriate motor skills. Caregivers are often the first to notice the child's underdevelopment. In the case of severe cerebral palsy, the symptoms are already detected in the newborn. However, the onset of symptoms depends on the type of cerebral palsy.

The most common symptoms of severe cerebral palsy are.

• Impaired swallowing and sucking
• Faint crying
• seizures.
• Abnormal postures of the child. The body can be very relaxed or hyperextended, with arms and legs spread out. These postures are very different from those of colicky infants.

Some problems associated with cerebral palsy become more apparent over time or develop as the child grows. This can include:

• Muscle hypotrophy in injured arms or legs. Problems in the nervous system impair the movement of injured arms and legs, and poor muscle mobility impairs muscle growth.
• disturbances of sensation and perception. Some patients with cerebral palsy are very sensitive to pain. Even normal everyday activities like brushing your teeth can cause pain. The ability to recognize objects by touch (e.g. distinguishing a soft ball from a hard object) can also be affected by sensory abnormalities.
• skin irritation. The frequent occurrence of drooling can cause skin irritation in the mouth, chin and chest areas.
• problems with teething. Children who have trouble brushing their teeth are prone to gingivitis and tooth decay.
• accidents. Falls and other accidents are risks associated with impaired movement coordination and the occurrence of seizures.
• Infections and somatic diseases. Adults with cerebral palsy are at high risk for heart and lung disease. For example, severe cerebral palsy causes swallowing problems, and when swallowed, some food enters the windpipe, leading to lung disease (pneumonia).

Center staff

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease. Immune system cells destroy the membranes of nerve fibers. The demyelination of the nerve tracts leads to the formation of sclerotic plaques. There is a gradual progressive destruction of the myelin. The symptoms appear between the ages of 2 and 45. The disease occurs in 50-100 people per 100,000 population.

• weakness in the legs;
• loss of vision and sensation;
• Lhermitte sign;
• Nausea;
• inflammation of the nerves;
• paresthesias;
• nystagmus;
• Dizziness;
• tinnitus;
• Vomit;
• retinal pain;
• dysfunction of the pelvic organs;
• Spastic paraparesis and tetraparesis;
• ataxia;
• scandalized language;
• Tremble;
• megalopathy;
• hyperkinesias;
• ophthalmoplegia;
• polyneuropathy;
• dissociation syndrome.

An etiotropic therapy has not yet been developed. Patients must be continuously monitored by a neurologist. The patient must be examined annually and undergo an MRI of the CNS. The patient must control their seizures to avoid complications and achieve remission. The doctors are trying to stabilize the condition.

• lack of financial resources;
• Bad facilities;
• High pressure on staff;
• lack of effective medicines;
• lack of beds.

• Medical rehabilitation;
• psychological support;
• psychological support; Socialization.
• Five meals a day, with recommendations from a nutritionist;
• Comfortable rooms;
• 24-hour care;
• Medical care;
• Physiotherapeutic treatments, massages;
• trips to the outdoors.

Opinions about the center

I like everything about it. Many thanks to the staff Ludmila Chernichenko, Marina and everyone who takes care of our loved ones. I can work with peace of mind knowing that my mother is well taken care of, with tasty, timely meals and 24-hour medical supervision and cleanliness. God bless everyone for their health and happiness.

I have been living in a boarding school for a year now. I like it here very much, the food is delicious, there is always fruit and dessert. The staff is very nice, polite and accommodating. Thank you very much.

I would like to thank the methodologist Ekaterina Eliseeva for taking care of my grandfather. He has been living in a guest house in Gluhovo for nine months. The food is dietary but good, there are opportunities for walking, it's a picturesque place. It's good that there are facilities where older people who can no longer look after themselves have all the prerequisites for a fulfilling life.

We have visited many different guesthouses but this one was the best in terms of the conditions offered. A month later we were just convinced again. Conditions were excellent, food was good and staff attitude was great. All under the strict supervision of professionals.

Thank you to all the staff at this nursing home. We are very happy that we finally found a normal place for an elderly loved one to live temporarily. At first we thought there would be problems because it's difficult for an adult to adjust to a new place, even for a short time. But ultimately the friendly atmosphere and good staff of the guesthouse got the job done.

I brought my aunt here last Friday, it was our second visit here. Definitely she would be better off here, the care is well organized, the rooms are clean, all the facilities are there and the staff is great, they don't leave you unattended. They have their own kitchen and feed them five times a day. I would like to thank the staff for creating a very homely environment.

I would like to express my gratitude to the guesthouse staff for their work, attention, kindness and care towards my mother. A very warm and cozy guest house. I would recommend people who have been left alone in a difficult situation, the guest house staff will definitely help, support and provide qualified assistance.

Decision making.

If you've been diagnosed with a vertebral fracture, don't panic when you find out how big it is. For example, a 5 mm cervical hernia is much more dangerous than a 7 mm paramedian lumbar hernia, and incidentally discovered ventral hernias do not require treatment at all.

When should one ignore a doctor's suggestion to surgically remove a hernia, and when should one accept it immediately and not waste valuable time? A hernia can be treated without surgery if it is 2.5-6 mm in size and an MRI scan has not been performed.

Surgical intervention is necessary if the following is present:

• Cauda equina syndrome in lumbar and lumbosacral hernias - intractable acute pain along the sciatic and femoral nerves, numbness in the perineal area, erectile dysfunction, spontaneous twitching of the leg muscles, difficulty holding or incontinence of urine and stool;
• Persistent or worsening symptoms after 6-12 weeks of conservative treatment;
• Worsening of the condition after two years of continuous treatment.

treatment without surgery

Pharmacological treatment

Hormonal drugs, drug blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), muscle relaxants, edema inhibitors, and cartilage protectants are used to relieve acute or chronic pain.

Movalis – a spinal hernia

The drug currently belongs to the first group of NSAIDs. Compared to other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, its use is not limited to 2 months, since its effects are milder and can cause fewer side effects. Rheumoxicam can be substituted for Movalis.

side note. The combination of oral treatment and acupuncture with Movalis shows excellent results. However, many doctors advise against the simultaneous administration of B vitamins.

Midocalm and spinal hernia

Mydocalm belongs to the group of muscle relaxants - medicines that relieve spasms or excessive tension (hypertonus) in the skeletal muscles and sometimes also improve blood circulation. However, it should be used with caution as it relaxes all muscles, including the 'protective' tension of the muscle fibres, which can lead to an aggravation of the pain syndrome. Mydocalm can be replaced with the drug Sirdalud.

L-lysine

This remedy does not treat the disease itself, but is used to relieve swelling. After ingestion, the soft tissues put less pressure on the nerve roots, resulting in partial pain relief and an improvement in the blood supply to the intervertebral disc.

hormone blockers and preparations

Course: 3-4 epidural injections in the affected segment and no more than once a week. It is advisable not to give more than 4 injections with an interval of 3 months.

• Paraparesis - what is it?.
• paraparesis.
• X-shaped legs in a child.
• Spastic gait is.
• Toe movement in children.
• Equino valgus.
• paresis of the lower body.
• paresis is.