ligaments and tendons of the foot

Anyone who is seriously interested in sports knows the name of Alexander Zass, who developed the strength training method used worldwide today. He was a petite man weighing 70 kg, but as an athlete in the circus he performed such amazing feats with incomparable strength that he was suspected of cheating. To dispel these doubts, Alexander began training with heavy weights to increase his muscle mass. He showed by example that the basis of human strength is strong tendons, not thick muscles. Therefore, his system consists of performing a series of exercises for the tendons first, and then for volumetric muscle building.

Strained muscles and tendons: treatment and symptoms

A strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon that does not compromise its integrity. A strain occurs when the stress on the tissue exceeds its elasticity. It is a common sports injury. Muscle and tendon strains can be caused by falling, lifting weights, or running.

Muscle and tendon strains are the most common injuries. Athletes and people who work under high demands are particularly susceptible to these types of injuries. A sprain can also be caused by a careless, sudden movement, a twisting of the foot, or a bruise or injury in everyday life.

The most serious injury is a spinal sprain. It most commonly occurs in the cervical and lumbar spine. Causes: Overexertion, exercise, lifting heavy weights, careless movement.

contortions

There are three levels of severity of dislocation:

• Grade I – mild pain due to rupture of a few fibers of the ligament.
• Grade II – moderate pain, swelling and disability.
• Grade III – severe pain due to rupture of the ligament and subsequent instability of the joint.

A muscle strain is a traumatic injury to the muscle fibers themselves or the muscle-tendon junction and is also divided into three levels of severity:

• I – moderately difficult.
• II – moderate, with weakness and painful contraction of the injured muscle.
• III is a complete rupture of the connection between muscle and tendon, with muscle pain and the inability to contract the injured muscle.

Treatment of ligaments and tendons

The main cause of ligament and tendon disease is trauma. These can be acute (sprains) or chronic (strains). The latter occur in people who perform long and frequently repetitive movements: they play tennis, embroider, jump or swim professionally.

If you think you have a ligament or tendon disorder, contact your nearest 'Halo! Our doctors will make an accurate diagnosis and find and treat the cause of the problem. We treat long-term injuries effectively. Many of our patients have experienced this firsthand.

• Pain in the joint area, swelling;
• Pain when palpating a ligament or tendon;
• knot in the tendon;
• Pain when moving through the tendon;
• Numbness and muscle weakness in the limb outside the inflamed tendon;
• Pain when palpating the joint;
• Difficulty or inability to perform movements in the joint.

Like tendon and ligament diseases at Hello! be treated

In our clinics, tendon and ligament diseases are not treated by one specialist, but by several doctors with different specialist knowledge. These include orthopedists, chiropractors and physiotherapists, osteopaths and reflexologists, massage therapists and ozone therapists. Each of them has a wealth of practical and in-house experience, draws new ideas from thematic seminars and conferences and follows scientific trends. This allows us to eliminate the effects of even long-term injuries.

When treating ligament and tendon pathologies, we use a combination of methods:

It is an indispensable part of treatment. It increases the anti-inflammatory effect of the preparations and helps to avoid muscle cramps, which put additional strain on the ligaments and tendons in the event of sprains. Some treatments aim to normalize communication between nerves and tissues. Another goal of physiotherapy is to improve microcirculation, i.e. to better care for damaged ligaments or tendons.
In our practices we carry out the following treatments:

• ultrasound therapy;
• Magnetic therapy
• electrophoresis;
• laser therapy, including laser acupuncture;
• traction therapy;
• Negative pressure therapy.

The combination, number and frequency of treatments are selected by doctors individually, depending on the type of disease and the condition of the ligaments and tendons.

It is a method that acts on bioactive points in our body. It relieves pain, improves nutrition of diseased tissue and causes the body to repair ligaments and tendons. At the 'Halo!' clinics, reflexology is carried out by certified and experienced reflexologists.

The treatment is aimed at normalizing the tension of the muscles in interaction with damaged tendons and ligaments, improving local blood circulation and eliminating pain. It is a procedure carried out by an experienced specialist - a chiropractor - which brings relief and improvement during the session.

Sass Dynamic Exercise System

The inventor of this exercise system recommended using a punching bag as a weight for dynamic exercises. This is a cushion filled with sawdust, which is added from time to time as experience and strength increase. Such a pillow is usually made of leather, dermantine, oilcloth or another solid material.

Exercises to increase muscle volume according to the Sass system:

• Place a bag on the floor in front of you, bend over slightly, put your feet shoulder-width apart, sit up and put the weight on your chest. Stay in this position for a moment and then return to the starting position. Perform 15 reps.
• Hold the bag with your arms on your chest, heels touching and toes apart. Squat with your front foot and lift the bag up. Repeat this 20 times.
• Stand up straight and lift the sandbag onto your shoulders with your hands. Raise your straight arm with the weight upwards and rotate your body in each direction. Do this exercise as often as you can.
• Maintain the starting position. Pull back the elbow of the hand holding the bag and rotate it over the other hand. Do this a total of 15 times.
• Bend your legs slightly and stand with your feet shoulder-width apart. Throw the bag low above you and catch it with your neck and upper back. Then, without using your hands, throw it away from you and try to catch it in flight. Repeat this 15 times.
• Assume a supinated position, place the bag just above the head, grab it with both hands and slowly lift it vertically up, lower it to the chest, lift it again and return to the starting position. Perform 15 reps.
• In the same position, bend your legs and place the bag on your feet. Straighten your legs with the bag as often as possible.
• Stand straight, bring your heels together and spread your toes. Hold the bag in your lowered hands. Raise it up and to the right, then lower it down and to the left. Then repeat the exercise in reverse order. Perform this exercise a total of 15 times.

What are the risks of not doing rehabilitation?

Failure to carry out rehabilitation after Achilles tendon surgery can lead to a number of serious consequences.

These include contractures of the joint, i.e. a significant limitation in the mobility of the foot, which can lead to changes in gait.

Many people who believe that the injury will 'heal on its own' are unable to regain mobility in the injured joint for the rest of their lives. Complications in the form of muscle loss and adhesions at the site of the tear are possible.

One of the most serious consequences can be deep vein thrombosis, the complications of which are life-threatening.

LFC for torn tendons

LFC treatment should begin as soon as the cast can be removed from the leg.

Important! You have to be very careful with the exercises, don't do too many! This can lead to injury or a new tear. In the first 2 weeks you should only train while sitting or lying down and avoid direct pressure on the injured leg.

The most important thing is that you do the exercises gradually and under the supervision of medical staff. The doctor determines the order in which the exercises should be performed.

In the first two weeks, the load is directed at flexion and extension of the foot; in the third week, walking on crutches is indicated, followed by pelvic exercises and squats. With surgical treatment, after 2 to 2.5 months, the patient is able to walk for long periods without support.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the extent of the injury, as shown in the table below:

The cost of surgical treatment depends on the extent of the ligament damage, the accompanying diseases and the fractures. Postoperative treatment in the third phase is carried out according to the table above.

Watch this video to learn how to apply an ankle splint:

rehabilitation at home

Passive exercises with 'good hands' should be followed by:

• Wiggle your toes, move in space, pull up your socks and slowly lower your heels;
• Raise at the toes and lower at the heels, pull in the socks with simultaneous movement at the heels;
• Using an elastic band placed under the toes and stretched, as well as flexing and extending the ankle;
• moving heels in and out;
• Slow and easy walking in space, avoiding jerky and sudden movements of the foot – 15 min;
• Jump with a jump rope if you have no discomfort or pain.

Danger!!! Remember that after a ligament tear, you need to put weight on the ankle gradually to avoid a relapse.

If you experience periodic pain and do not have painkillers at hand, you can resort to traditional medicine recipes.

• compresses with hot milk;
• Applications of onion pulp (2 heads) and sea salt (1 teaspoon), cover the mixture with cling film and a warm cloth;
• a compress of grated potatoes and onions with sauerkraut;
• Cabbage leaf smeared with vegetable oil and sprinkled with baking soda, applied overnight and covered with a warm scarf;
• A compress of crushed garlic, apple cider vinegar and ethanol; the mixture should steep in a cool place for 7 days, then shake before use and leave the compress for 20 minutes. The mixture should be applied 3 times daily;
• An ointment based on animal fat, powdered eucalyptus leaves and crushed garlic. Leave the ointment on as a compress for 30 minutes;
• Ointment based on Mumio (0.5 g) and rose essential oil (5 drops). Rub the ointment with gentle massaging movements;
• Baths with geranium decoction (2 tablespoons to 1 liter of boiling water), boil for 3-5 minutes and strain, take 20 minutes.

Complications of ligament tears

The consequences of a torn ankle ligament can be as follows:

• The foot tips over, often with damage to tendons, nerves and blood vessels;
• Osteoarthritis or arthritis develops;
• Bone osteophytes form and grow;
• formation of thick scar tissue;
• The soft tissue surrounding the tendons and bones of the joint becomes inflamed;
• chronic hemarthrosis develops;
• partial muscle atrophy and circulatory disorders occur;
• limited mobility of the joint after the ligaments have healed;
• Pain when walking or exercising for long periods of time;
• External instability of the plate occurs.

In case of complications, conservative medical or surgical treatment is carried out. Active exercises are gradually resumed.

complications

As a spontaneous disease, tracheitis rarely leads to complications. Accompanying forms are more dangerous. Laryngotracheitis can be complicated by a narrowing of the larynx, which is particularly common in small children. In tracheitis, spasms and large amounts of mucous sputum lead to airway obstruction in some people.

The spread of the inflammatory process of infectious origin to downstream respiratory organs leads to the development of pneumonia or bronchopneumonia. Bronchopneumonia or tracheitis is more often observed as a combined lesion of the epithelium of the trachea + bronchi or bronchioles, alveoli and interstitial tissue of the lungs.

Malignant or benign neoplasms of the trachea arise as a result of long-lasting chronic tracheitis, which is accompanied by morphological changes in the mucous membrane.

Prolonged exposure to allergens and impaired sensitization, together with allergic tracheitis, lead to a more serious disease - allergic bronchial damage with progression to bronchial asthma, which is manifested by attacks of dyspnea and severe dyspnea.

Treatment of tracheitis

Mild and moderate forms of pathology, accompanied by other symptoms of respiratory infection, are treated at home (outpatient). Exceptions are early onset in children and tracheitis in adults with accompanying pathology (hospitalization is decided on a case-by-case basis).

A mild chemical and mechanical diet (without fatty, spicy and fried foods), only warm drinks and plenty of drinking are recommended throughout the treatment. Mustard pillows should be placed on the chest area and the room should be regularly ventilated and wiped with a damp cloth.

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Symptoms of tendinopathy

A common symptom of all types of tendinopathy is pain in or around the tendon, usually where it attaches to the bone. Other symptoms depend on the type of tendinopathy - tendinitis is characterized by inflammation, including swelling and redness, while tendinosis causes chronic pain or stiffness without much inflammation. Pain usually increases during and after activity, and the area around the joint may be stiff the next day.

Overuse is considered the biggest risk factor, although there are many theories about other possible factors, such as heat injury and stress-related ischemia. Both sudden bursts of stress leading to injury and repetitive movements are considered major causes of tendonitis, and obesity is considered a risk factor.

In calcified tendinitis, calcium deposits in the tendon are the cause of the inflammation, but the cause of their accumulation is not yet clear.

Diagnosis of tendinopathy

The orthopedist usually uses the following methods to diagnose tendinopathy:

1. Orthopedic exam: The doctor may perform a physical exam to assess the level of pain, range of motion, and other symptoms of tendinopathy.
2. X-ray examination of the joints: This diagnostic method uses X-rays to create images of the bones, which can be used to identify fractures, deformities and other abnormalities.
3. Joint Ultrasound (USG): is a diagnostic method that uses sound waves to create images of tissues that help identify damage and inflammation.
4. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the joints: is a diagnostic technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of organs and tissues. This method can be used to detect damage, inflammation and other abnormalities.
5. Computed tomography (CT) of the joints: This is a diagnostic method that uses X-rays to create detailed images of tissues. A CT scan can help identify abnormalities and damage that may accompany tendinopathy.
6. Blood tests: Your doctor may recommend laboratory tests to determine the level of inflammation and detect infections that may be contributing to tendinopathy.

Treatment of the elbow joint

In this article, you will learn what exercises are necessary for a full recovery from elbow surgery.

Ulnar canal syndrome (ulnar compression syndrome)

The ulnar nerve runs from the cervical plexus to the wrist and passes through a narrow place on its way - the ulnar canal. This canal can compress the ulnar nerve, causing compression of the ulnar nerve, which manifests itself in the form of numbness in the little finger and ring finger, weakness in the ankle, and pain in the elbow itself. The ulnar nerve can also be compressed in other places. However, if the compression occurs in the ulnar canal, it is called cubital tunnel syndrome. In the early stages, when symptoms are inconsistent, conservative, i.e. non-surgical, treatment is effective, but in stubborn cases, surgery is not an option.

Elbow joint pain is one of the most common complaints that leads people to see a specialist. Joint pain can be caused by a variety of causes. The choice of treatment method and the effectiveness of treatment of the elbow joint depend on a correct and accurate diagnosis.

Pain can occur at any age. They can be due to high stress on the joint or trauma. The most common 'signal' of an elbow injury is pain when lifting or carrying heavy objects. It is also worth mentioning the possibility of pain during rotational movements of the arm.

• Turning a fixed lever
• Prolonged use of a screwdriver or wrench
• Practicing sports such as arm wrestling, tennis, javelin throwing, etc.

You usually don't have pain when you perform everyday activities that require you to extend and bend your elbow.

However, if you notice that everyday activities that don't require much effort are causing you pain, you should see a specialist. Your doctor can prescribe appropriate and effective treatment for your elbow.

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