legs 14 years

4 stretching exercises. Stretching your leg muscles during the day can help prevent pain at night.

How to find the right size for your child's feet

When you decide to buy shoes for your child, it is important that the pair you choose fits. Sometimes parents don't realize how fast their child's feet are growing. It's best if you try the shoes on before you buy them and we make sure you have that opportunity. You can order several pairs of shoes of different models and sizes and try them on in front of the courier.

Throughout a child's life, feet can grow unevenly as the child's height and weight change over time. Accordingly, the size of the feet can also increase significantly during these periods. Children from birth to three years should have their feet measured every three months, from three to six years every four months. Older children, ages six to ten, should be measured every five to six months.

How to measure a child's foot size based on age?

There are average values that give a rough idea of the foot length of a child of his age. However, it is important to remember that every child is different and that in some cases the measurements taken on a particular child will not match those that are generally accepted. Therefore, if you decide to measure your child's feet by age, the table will only give you an approximate value.

Symptoms of circulatory disorders

The symptoms of a chronic circulatory disorder of the brain can only appear in situations that require strong blood circulation: stress, unusual physical exertion, staying in an unventilated room. They appear suddenly: headache, numbness in parts of the face, disturbances in motor coordination, tinnitus.

Chronic symptoms can include frequent dizzy spells, memory and performance disorders, poor concentration, drowsiness or insomnia.

Symptoms of poor blood flow to the limbs include intermittent claudication (pain when walking or at rest), cold hands and feet in any weather, spider vein formation, heaviness, fatigue, swelling, and muscle cramps in the legs.

How to improve blood circulation in the legs?

If you don't take care of the blood flow in your legs, you can miss the beginning of irreversible damage. Poor circulation leads to varicose veins – stubborn, enlarged veins. To ensure good blood circulation and vascular tone, you should avoid elevators and give priority to the stairs. Walking, bicycling, or using an exercise bike are also helpful.

And you can do these exercises every day at home:

• Kneel down, place your elbows on the floor in front of you. On an exhale, straighten your legs so your body forms an 'L', hold the position for 10 seconds and return to the starting position.
• Lying on your back, simulate riding a bike – hands behind your head, legs raised perpendicular to your torso. 30 turns, the number of moves may vary depending on muscle strength.

• While sitting, press your heels to the floor, lift your toes, and turn back. Repeat 20-30 times. Ideal in the evening for anyone suffering from calf cramps.
• Lying on your back, lift one leg. Rotate it clockwise 20 times. Repeat the process counterclockwise with the other leg.
• While seated, straighten your legs as far as the stretch will allow. Bend to each side alternately 10 times.

treatment priorities

Treating leg pain usually involves several conservative methods. Surgical intervention is only required in the case of significant destruction of the musculoskeletal tissue or accumulation of pus, as well as certain heart diseases.

In the early stages, the leg disease is treated with foot surgery:

Comprehensive therapy eliminates inflammation and relieves pain, normalizes blood circulation, improves tissue nutrition, strengthens muscles and ligaments, creates the conditions for healthy, harmonious development of the body. With the right help, even serious diseases such as infectious arthritis can be treated effectively and without long-term consequences for the body.

In the 'Hello!' all options are available to diagnose diseases that cause leg pain early and accurately. An experienced and attentive nursing team ensures a comfortable treatment environment, and a treatment plan tailored to each patient avoids the risk of complications.

How does the pain come about?

The causes of growing pains have not been reliably clarified. The best explanation for the mechanism of growing pains is the tension in the muscles and tendons when the length of the leg bones increases rapidly. There are several ways to predict children's approximate final height. The simplest method is to calculate the final height of healthy children whose 'bone' age is at or near their 'pass' age. Because there is a high positive correlation between children's height and parents' height, formulas for calculating children's height as a function of their parents' height have been proposed.

final height of a boy = (Height of father (cm) + height of mother (cm)) + 6.5cm.

final height of a girl = (height of father (cm) + height of mother (cm) )) - 6.5 cm.

It is assumed that the child is active during the day and the information that his brain receives from the stretched muscles and tendons is lost in the flow of information from a multitude of other events. At night, when the child falls asleep and there are no distractions, the pain impulses emanating from the stretched muscles and tendons reach the higher nerve centers and the child wakes up in pain. Therefore, this condition occurs during the child's most intense period of growth and after a lot of physical activity.

When should a doctor be consulted?

Most children do not need to see a doctor. Active growth in children usually prompts parents to consult a doctor if there are accompanying symptoms such as fatigue, frequent illnesses, poor posture, etc. In the absence of these, accelerated growth is rarely a cause for concern. However, a doctor should be consulted if:

• the pain occurs in the morning and/or during the day; the pain is persistent and lasts for a long time;
• the pain is severe enough to interfere with your child's normal activities;
• your child complains of joint pain;
• Discomfort and pain after the injury occurred;
• the pain is accompanied by signs and symptoms such as swelling, redness, skin lesions at the site of pain, rashes, increased fatigue, decreased appetite, and fever.

causes

Your pediatric orthopedist will be able to tell you exactly why your child's feet are meningeal. This anomaly usually occurs due to the following causes:

• Rickets, a dangerous disease that causes damage to the lower limbs. It develops due to a lack of vitamin D and leads to deformed shins and bowed feet;
• Any strain on the child in the first year of life should follow the development of his muscles and ligaments. Any advance in physiological readiness leads to leg deformities. Some parents force their child to sit before the age of six months and to walk before the age of one year. This has negative effects on the musculoskeletal system. Clubfoot often occurs in infants who have started walking by the age of 9 months. Any activity the child performs should be independent;
• Dysplasia is usually diagnosed at birth. Not only does this condition cause crooked feet, it also has a negative impact on the entire body;
• Obesity hinders the learning of important skills and leads to leg deformities. If a child is not emaciated, it should be able to take its first steps independently. Because being overweight puts additional pressure on the not yet developed skeletal system;
• Sometimes O-shaped feet are genetic. The problem is inherited;
• Incorrectly fitting shoes. In this state, the child needs to place his feet in such a way that walking is not painful for him. Therefore, the choice of shoes should be given special attention.

Komarovsky's opinion

The renowned pediatrician Komarowski denies the negative effects of rickets on the musculoskeletal system. He says the problem is influenced by hereditary factors and kidney disease, which lead to the body's impaired absorption of minerals. Komarovsky offers the following advice for parents to avoid clubfoot:

• It is important to ensure that the child receives an adequate diet with all the necessary vitamins and minerals;
• Water applications help release increased muscle tension;
• Massage the outside of the lower leg and inside of the foot in preparation for running;
• After bathing, it is good to massage your feet with a stiff brush;
• Putting two feet up is a good exercise for the muscles;
• The upright posture strengthens the baby's legs and back;
• A fully grown baby needs more time before it starts to walk.

What types of abbreviations are there?

Congenital shortening occurs in children from a young age and gradually progresses. If the parents themselves suspect a problem, it is possible to determine the approximate leg length discrepancy on their own. That's the only thing you can do yourself. The next step is to see a specialist. Different leg lengths in a child can be a symptom of many different disorders, including serious skeletal disorders. In some cases, urgent medical intervention is required.

A leg length discrepancy leads to a number of abnormalities:

• back pain;
• spinal deformities and pelvic obliquity;
• deforming arthritis and aseptic necrosis of the hip joint;
• stress fractures;
• impairment of gait and statics;
• ergonomic disorders, muscular imbalances;
• Associated injuries due to limited compensation options.

Pelvic valgus and spinal deviation with different leg lengths of 6 cm. a – without compensation; b – with compensation of 3 cm; with compensation of 6 cm.

An equal difference in leg length is more detrimental to a child's body than an adult's. This is due to the different width of the pelvis. In children, the pelvis is narrower, so the centers of the femoral heads are close to each other, so the pelvic angle and spinal deviation are larger.

The totality of abnormalities that develop due to the difference in leg lengths is referred to by some authors as 'unequal leg length syndrome'. If left untreated, unequal leg length differences can lead to a variety of functional compensations (e.g. spinal deformities) which can develop into irreversible permanent deformities (scoliosis).

Photo gallery of the work

14 year old girl. Extension of the right lower limb by 6 cm. Lengthening of the lower limb.

boy, 15 years old. Shortening of the right thigh by 6 cm after trauma. Lengthening of the thigh with an Ilizarov apparatus.

woman 44 years. Shortening of the right hip by 5 cm and external rotation - consequences of hematogenous osteitis. The hip was lengthened and brought into a normal alignment.

The boy is 3 years old. Congenital deformity of left hip with shortening and valgus. The hip has been lengthened and the deformity corrected.

39-year-old male whose right hip is shortened by 6 cm following a fracture and unsuccessful surgeries.

Are stretch marks dangerous?

Stretch marks in teens are not harmful in and of themselves, but they can indicate serious abnormalities in the body, such as: B:

• the presence of infections;
• internal diseases;
• Injuries (e.g., stretch marks can appear if vertebrae are dislocated);
• diabetes;
• Marfan syndrome;
• Ischenko-Cushing Syndrome.

The mechanism is basically very simple: the disease affects the immune system, hormone balance and weight. That is, factors that can cause stretch marks. It is obvious that in this case, first of all, the underlying problem must be treated and only then can the aesthetic problems be addressed.

Prevention of stretch marks: can you protect your baby from this defect?

Yes, you can try preventing stretch marks. Of course, this is quite problematic with a genetic predisposition or an underlying condition, but you can still significantly reduce the likelihood of stretch marks appearing by following a few simple tips:

• Make sure your teenager is eating a healthy diet - balanced, sufficient, but in moderation. Try to avoid excess fat and salt.
• Get your teen involved in physical activity unless there are contraindications. If the lessons at school do not inspire enthusiasm, you can take your child to a sports club in the sport of his choice.
• Do not disturb the sleep rhythm. The body is already under stress due to the hormonal changes; support him with a regime.
• Include adequate vitamins and minerals in your teen's diet.
• Don't forget about the fresh air, especially if you live in a big city.

A lot of advice may seem trivial, but please take it as seriously as you can - these are the foundations that make up your child's health, brick by brick.

To get up early

Many mothers and spindle doctors feel that parents should not encourage their child to stand up and walk around until around 9-10 months. Because, in their opinion, the baby's musculoskeletal system, spine and ligaments are still too weak and unable to withstand such a load. And the consequence of getting up early is certainly a curvature of the spine, legs and the development of flat feet.

There's some truth to that. But what about those whose babies have already taken their first steps by nine months? Should they be strapped in a lying position in the crib?

Proponents of the second approach are convinced that there is no reason to ban it once a child begins to stand up and stand on their own. Because the body is ready for the load it is looking for. Incidentally, this willingness has nothing to do with the size or weight of the child. And no influence on the later slimness of the legs.

The well-known pediatrician Eugene Komarovsky holds this view in particular: The child does what his body is ripe for. It stands up on its own - be my guest, help it and don't interfere. But forcing and pushing a child to do something they are not ready for is unacceptable.

My first son was born very large, 4750 g at 61 cm. This was in Soviet times when the 'Swim Before You Walk' child development program was at its peak. We taught our son to swim in the first few days after he was discharged from the hospital. The result was that by the age of 5 months he was sitting up on his own and rolling over on all fours. At about 6 months he got up and held on to the cot. He hardly ever crawled and was already walking at the age of 9 months. He had no problems with his back, flat feet or slender legs. He grew into a two meter tall, slender beauty.

My second son wasn't taught to swim, but he too was on his feet by the age of seven months and by the age of nine he was running like a rocket. His legs and spine were healthy.

Strollers: harm or benefit?

There is a constant fight for this device. One wonders: What is all the fuss about? The simplest construction, a cross between a table on wheels and thick pants. However, some parents vehemently defend the baby walker as a necessity, while others claim that this home appliance is harmful to children.

In reality, as always, the truth is obvious. If the baby walker is used sensibly, it can neither harm nor help. Because judicious use means constant parental supervision and a short period of use. And one of the main arguments made by proponents is that they can do their own thing while the child sits in their stroller and plays.

• The child is forced to sit up straight and cannot change position without adult help.
• The child does not learn to balance, does not learn to fall, squat or stand up.
• If the seat height is not properly adjusted, the child becomes accustomed to misaligning their feet, propelling themselves off the ground with their toes, or leaning on the outside of their foot.
• It is easier to move around while sitting than to walk independently. That's why the children often don't want to learn to walk independently later on, but rather roll around.

In addition, orthopaedists recommend only putting the baby on a baby walker at the age of 8-9 months. At this point, many babies no longer want to sit in a baby walker and are learning to walk fully.

Regardless of what the manufacturers say, a baby walker is useless. A child comes into our shop and you can see that he has outgrown his walker. It crooks its feet, walks on its toes. And it's already a patient with an orthopedist... There's a reason why baby walkers were taken out of production in the Soviet Union. I've heard that not only can they no longer be manufactured in Canada, they can no longer be imported into the country. The reason for this is that they are detrimental to the child's development.

Diagnosis of leg cramps in a child

When diagnosing seizures, a detailed medical history is of great importance, which reveals, among other things:

• how often the cramps occur;
• how long they last;
• under which circumstances;
• the course of pregnancy and childbirth;
• recent illnesses, injuries;
• whether there have been vaccinations;
• hereditary diseases.

Specialists such as ophthalmologists, neurologists, surgeons and others are often involved in the examination.

Standard diagnostics include tests such as a general blood and urine test and a blood sugar test. A more detailed investigation may be required.

Brain seizure activity is determined by electroencephalography. Other instrumental methods are X-ray, CT, MRI and cerebral vascular angiography. [8th]

differential diagnosis

The differential diagnosis of leg cramps is made among all of the above possible causes. Early diagnosis of epilepsy is very important to find the cause in time.

The first action should be to relieve the spasms. To do this, the adults need to massage the child's leg, tap it, slightly pinch the muscle, try to bend and straighten it, bend your fingers in different directions, rub it with a warming ointment and cover it warmly. If necessary, a doctor must prescribe medication. [9]

Pharmacological treatment

When the cause of the leg cramps is clarified, medications aimed at the specific condition are prescribed. For example, if there is a high body temperature, it should be lowered. For this purpose, children are given Paracetamol, Panadol or Efferalgan. Suppositories, syrups and chewable tablets are more suitable for children.

Panadol (suspension) – its action is to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system; the active substance is paracetamol. If children under 3 months have fever, consult a doctor. From this age and up to 12 years, the single dose is calculated as follows: 10-15 mg per kilogram of body weight, frequency of administration 4 times a day.

Of the side effects, hypersensitivity reactions manifested on the skin, nausea, pain in the stomach, development of anemia, liver dysfunction are possible. The drug is contraindicated in blood diseases, liver and kidney diseases.

Food poisoning, which leads to dehydration and convulsions, requires gastric lavage and the ingestion of sorbents. In this case, activated carbon, Smecta, Polysorb are effective. Probiotics accelerate the elimination of toxins from the body: Linex, Chilac, Enterol. They are used after the vomiting has stopped.

Smecta is a powder in a sachet that is diluted with water. Children under 1 year should mix the contents of one sachet (3g) with 50ml of water and spread the amount overnight. It can be mixed with compote and porridge. At the age of 1 to 2 years the daily dose is 1-2 units, over 2 - 2-3 units. Do not use in case of intestinal obstruction, hypersensitivity to the drug, can cause constipation.

• Girls feet 13 years old.
• Clubfoot in children therapeutic exercises 7 years old.
• At what age do girls' legs grow?.
• Legs of adolescent girls.
• The baby has short legs.
• Insoles for pregnant women.
• Legs of different lengths in a child.
• A child begins to have clubfoot between the ages of 1 and 5.