lateral bone

On the side of diastolic heart failure In diastolic heart failure, there is a loss of ventricular elasticity, preventing the ventricle from relaxing and filling properly. One of the most common causes of diastolic dysfunction is high blood pressure. Because of the increased resistance in the arteries, the heart has to work harder. The elasticity of the heart muscle decreases and less blood can be pumped from the ventricles to the body between contractions. As a result, the body is no longer adequately supplied with blood and nutrients.

What is lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow), medial epicondylitis (golfer's elbow)?

Lateral epicondylitis is also often referred to as tennis elbow. It is a painful condition that occurs where the tendon of the muscle attaches to the bone on the outside of the elbow. The tendon connects the muscle to the bone. The muscle associated with this condition is the short radial extensor muscle of the wrist. In lateral epicondylitis, there is degeneration and weakness at the tendon insertion site. This can cause pain during movements that involve this muscle (stretching, squeezing, etc.). Inflammation of the Medial Epicondyle Golfer's elbow is a condition characterized by pain and tenderness of the bony prominence on the inside of the elbow. The tendons of the arm muscles, which are responsible for bending the wrist, attach to the medial epicondyle. Golfer's elbow can result from overuse of these muscles. When muscles are overused, the tendons in the area to which they are attached are subjected to repeated pulling forces. This leads to inflammation and small tears in the tendons, causing pain.

Sports like tennis are often associated with this condition. It is most common between the ages of 30 and 50 and in young and old people, while golfer's elbow is most common in men between the ages of 20 and 49.

What are the causes of lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) and medial epicondylitis (golfer's elbow)?

Overload: Activities that stress the tendon attachment point increase damage to the tendon. These strains can consist of repeated holding, grasping, chopping, pulling, twisting, squeezing.

InjuryTrauma can also be caused by a sudden, unexpected movement, force, or action.

What are the symptoms of lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) and medial epicondylitis (golfer's elbow)?

The main reason patients need treatment is pain. In tennis elbow, it is located on a protruding bone called the lateral epicondyle, on the outside of the elbow joint. In golfer's elbow, the pain occurs on the inside (medial) side of the elbow. There is touch sensitivity in this area. Pain may also be increased with movements that put stress on the tendon (eg, grasping, stretching, bending). The pain starts at the elbow during activity and can radiate from the forearm to the wrist. Sometimes the pain can also occur without movement.

Activity regulation: Activities that cause this condition should be restricted. It is recommended to limit physical activity and not to rest completely. Modified holding techniques that use both hands during activity can reduce the problem. Medications: Anti-inflammatory treatment (to reduce pain and swelling) will help reduce pain. Bandage: A bandage is placed on the posterior muscles of the forearm and below the elbow. An elbow sling relieves the tendon and promotes healing. Physiotherapy. Strengthening and stretching exercises can aid in recovery. This can be useful, especially when the elbow is fully extended, without stretching the wrist. Ultrasound and heat treatments can also be performed for physiotherapeutic purposes. Injections: Steroid is a powerful anti-inflammatory that can be injected topically. This should not be done more than 3 times in any 3 month period. Mesotherapy: Mesotherapy uses special 4mm needles to inject mixed drugs into the middle layer of the skin (mesoderm) at a lower than normal dose, at regular intervals. Surgical Treatment: When a person is unable to perform daily activities and work due to pain and non-surgical treatment is unresponsive for more than 6 months, surgical treatment should be considered. During surgical treatment, the diseased, degenerated tendon tissue must be removed. Postoperative therapeutic exercises help restore arm movement. Strengthening programs are required to restore previous activity.

What is heart failure?

In a healthy heart, oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle pumps throughout the body to the organs, supplying them with oxygen and nutrients. After supplying the organs, the oxygen-poor blood returns from the body to the right side of the heart, from where it is transported to the lungs. In the lungs, the blood is enriched with oxygen so that it can be pumped back through the body by the left ventricle.

Heart failure is an impairment of the heart's ability to pump blood. It usually affects the right side of the heart (right sided heart failure) or the left side of the heart (left sided heart failure). In advanced heart failure, both sides of the heart can be affected (global heart failure). Heart failure can also be chronic or acute. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure, which occurs suddenly and unexpectedly. Acute heart failure can appear suddenly on the background of an acute cardiovascular accident and/or congestive heart failure.

What causes heart failure?

Heart failure is caused by diseases that attack or damage the heart muscle. The most common cause of chronic heart failure is coronary artery disease.

Coronary artery disease (CHD) is caused by narrowing of the blood vessels (coronary arteries) in the heart, usually as a result of atherosclerosis. The coronary arteries are the vessels that carry oxygen and other essential nutrients to the heart. A progressive narrowing (also called stenosis) of the arteries leads to an impairment of blood flow to the heart muscle. Irritable bowel syndrome is often diagnosed when angina (chest pain and tightness) occurs, but otherwise goes undetected.

What types of heart failure are there and what are their symptoms?

Each type of heart failure has different symptoms, and the intensity of the symptoms can vary. However, the main symptom of heart failure is difficulty breathing during exercise or at rest. Warning signs may include sweating on light exertion, an inability to lie flat, chest tightness, or swollen feet.

Left-sided heart failure

The left side of the heart is responsible for pumping oxygen-rich blood throughout the body to the organs. In left-sided heart failure, the pumping function of the left ventricle is restricted, preventing oxygen-rich blood from being pumped throughout the body. Instead, the blood remains in the lungs, which can cause fluid buildup in the lungs (pulmonary oedema), difficulty breathing, throat irritation, a 'rattling' sound when you breathe, weakness or dizziness.

It is most commonly caused by coronary artery disease (CHD), high blood pressure or a heart attack, more rarely by heart muscle or heart valve failure.

Left-sided heart failure can be acute or develop over time. It usually first becomes noticeable through shortness of breath during physical activity. In severe cases, it can even lead to hypotension (low blood pressure) at rest.

Right-sided heart failure

The right side of the heart is responsible for returning deoxygenated blood to the lungs. In right-sided heart failure, the right ventricle of the heart is not working properly. This leads to increased pressure in the veins, forcing fluid into the surrounding tissues. This leads to swelling, especially in the feet, toes, ankles, and shins. It can also lead to an acute need to urinate at night when the kidneys are getting better blood flow.

The cause is usually an acute or chronic increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. It is caused by lung diseases such as pulmonary embolism, asthma, severe emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, usually caused by tobacco use) or left-sided heart failure. Rare causes are heart valve problems or myocardial disease.

Unwanted effects.

The frequency of undesirable effects was determined according to the classification of the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS). (CIOMS).Very common (≥1/10); common (≥1/100 to

Disorders of the immunological system: rarely - allergic reactions (drug fever, symptoms of shock).

Skin and subcutaneous tissue: rarely – urticaria, sudden reddening of the skin.

Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue: unknown - myalgia.

What to do and how to treat?

After a comprehensive examination, you should consult a qualified specialist for optimal treatment. The treatment of the temporomandibular joint encompasses more than one medical specialty. The disease is treated in several stages. Such treatment requires a good examination by a dentist (orthodontist, periodontist), a general practitioner, a rheumatologist, a surgeon, an infectious disease specialist, sometimes an otolaryngologist and a neurologist.

It is possible to relieve TMJ pain at home by combining a warm compress with a cold ice pack. The former relieves pain and reduces discomfort when opening the mouth, while the latter suppresses the signal to the brain about the presence of pain. Taking painkillers and massaging the affected area can also relieve the symptoms. To relieve pain in the jaw joint, doctors prescribe supplements in the form of injections. This completely reduces the pain and swelling of the lower jaw.

If the entire jaw hurts, the condition of the temporomandibular joint can be improved with prostheses.

Gymnastics and exercises for the jaw joint are good. These exercises have a good effect on the joint and help release muscle tension in the jaw area. To relieve the jaw joint, it is important to eat liquid or less solid food and not to open your mouth wide when yawning. Pain relief is noticeable with jaw plates and braces. Acupuncture is not the least of the treatments.

preventive measures.

The number one measure of preventing TMJ pain is exercise to improve the condition and function of the area. Timely treatment of diseases that contribute to inflammation and impairment in this area is considered important. In the gym, the forces should always be calculated and the exercises should be carried out while tensing the corresponding muscles. A strained temporomandibular joint or clenched teeth don't make it any easier to carry excessive weight. Rheumatic diseases are no less dangerous for the temporomandibular joint. That is why it is so important to prevent them in time. Timely treatment of infections, injuries and rheumatic diseases shortens the healing time and does not lead to an aggravation of the temporomandibular joint problems.

• Walking in medium heels.
• Lateral condyle of the tibia.
• Anatomy of the pelvic bones.
• shin tendon.
• Heel bone tendon sac in Latin.
• Photo of the ligatures.
• Bones of the human ankle.
• Photo of the right leg.