How to increase foot length

The measurements are given when erect, as the size of the genitals when at rest is not meaningful.

Age-related joint changes: what are they and how to live with them?

Age is always associated with problems with the musculoskeletal system. Your imagination kindly sends you these images: lumpy lesions on the hands, limping, bones in the feet and other 'charms'. What's really going on and why do many people suffer from osteoarthritis after age 55?

As we age, joints change significantly due to physiological, ultrastructural and biochemical processes in the connective tissue. It loses moisture, the number of responsible cells decreases and fibrous structures take their place. The properties of collagen change for the worse, and elastin also degenerates.

These processes in the cartilage begin in the third decade of life and only continue thereafter. The articular cartilage becomes thinner and loses cells, which leads to limited joint mobility. The ligaments that strengthen the major joints also lose their tensile strength, so injuries occur more frequently than in younger years.

As we age, joints gradually lose their position.

What role does synovial fluid play in the joint?

The synovial fluid is located inside the joint. This fluid supplies the cartilage surfaces, which themselves have no blood vessels. The synovial fluid has other important functions: it moistens the cartilage, cushions movements and prevents surface friction.

In a healthy young person there is a lot of synovial fluid in the joint. It has an elastic consistency that is reminiscent of egg white. When you move, it spreads slightly over the cartilage surfaces and changes its shape. Problems begin when the lubricating fluid loses its viscosity, becomes more liquid and can no longer fulfill its function.

Measure foot length

To properly measure your feet, follow the instructions below:

• Place both feet on a sheet of paper and trace them with an ordinary pencil, holding it perpendicular to the sheet;
• Then measure the length from the tip of the big toe to the heel, diagonally as this gives the most accurate value;
• When the size is determined, one of the values will be larger, which is what you should pay attention to when choosing the shoe size using the size table.

When choosing a shoe or shoes, it is important to remember that shoe manufacturers use different sizing systems in different countries:

• The international standard ISO 3355-77 indicates the length of the foot in millimeters, rounded to the nearest half centimeter;
• In the European system, the length of the insole is measured in increments (1 increment = 2/3 cm or 6.7 mm) and the insole must be 10-15 mm larger than the calculated value for the foot, which is called 'functional allowance' becomes;
• The English system uses inches, the distance is 8.5mm = 1/3 of an inch, and the shoe size is determined by the insole;
• The American system is almost identical to the English system, but uses a smaller size and gender division.

For winter and summer boots the size is the same, but in the former case it is recommended to measure in a sock. Some manufacturers recommend taking boots and insulated boots one size larger, but definitely not buying them too tight - your feet will be very cold in them.

Measure your foot

When choosing your size, you need to consider not only the length of your foot, but also the narrowness. Many people mistakenly overlook this, resulting in the perfect fitting pair being too tight and uncomfortable. It is advisable to measure the fullness in the ankle area by measuring the width of the foot from the little toe to the big toe. This is easy to do:

• The size of the foot should be determined in the evening, since at this time the foot is slightly larger, which means that the value obtained will be as accurate as possible;
• It is measured on both feet, choose the largest one (the difference may be a few millimeters, this is completely normal;
• for winter shoes, the measurement should be taken with a thin sock;
• Standing on a piece of paper and a tape measure, you determine two measurements: the length of the foot and the width at the knees.

The resulting width is represented with diagrams indicating fullness. However, shoe manufacturers label their products differently depending on the region. In Russia, according to GOST 3927-88, the width is specified in the range of 1-12, with a distance of 4 mm. European manufacturers use a similar scheme, but the gap is larger at 5 mm. In the USA and England, letter codes with 5 mm pitch have become widespread - A, B, C, D, E, F. There are also signs for non-standard fullnesses by doubling and tripling the letter code - AA, AAA, FF, FFF and others .

For the Russian system, the fullness is calculated using the formula W=0.25*B – 0.15*C. W is the parameter for the width of the foot, which is indicated on the shoe or box. B is the circumference of the foot, measured with a tape measure and expressed in millimeters. C is the length of the foot, A is a fixed factor, which is 17 for women and 16 for men.

A value of '6' is normal for the foot, narrow feet are referred to as '2-5', a designation of '7' and above indicates shoes for very full, wide feet. American and European manufacturers have introduced different names for children:

Lengthen your legs with movement

We want to reassure fashionistas: it really is possible to 'lengthen' your legs a little at home. But no 'folk methods' in the form of herbs, liniments, eating grated carrots or incantations.

The easiest way to lengthen your legs is to engage in physical exertion every day. No, bodybuilding is not the solution. The task is much easier with the help of exercises that stretch the thigh and calf muscles.

Examples of simple exercises

• Jogging, but not in high heels, flip-flops or flip-flops.:
  • Footwear should consist of regular sports shoes: you can also use regular sneakers, but sneakers are more comfortable and useful for your feet.
  • Walk in socks for at least 15 to 20 minutes every day;
  • The foot should be maximally raised, the toes should be extended, the back should be flat as a string:
  • The arms are at your sides and the shoulders are loosely pulled back.
  • Extend your arms in front of you parallel to the floor or a few inches higher.
  • Alternatively, try reaching the opposite arm with the straight leg.
  • Hold onto the back of a chair or a rung of a ladder and slowly pull your foot back, pushing it up as far as you can.
  • Hold this position for a few seconds and then slowly lower your leg.
  • The longer you stay in this position and the slower you do the exercise, the better the effect.
  • The starting position is the same as the previous exercise.
  • Extend your right leg to the right and up as far as possible.
  • Lower it and repeat the exercise in the opposite direction with the other leg.

  Exercises on the wall

  • Overhang on the horizontal bar:
    • Grab a horizontal bar. The legs are stretched and must not touch the floor. Hang as long as your strength allows, increasing the hanging time each day.
    • Place your left foot behind the bar and lean on the toes of the other foot without bending your knees.
    • Start with the lower bars and gradually work your way up to the higher ones.

    This is the most difficult exercise and represents the highlight of the entire leg extension workout.

    

    Read the warning before running:

    • Don't try to do a full stretch in your first class - it's traumatic!
    • The Twine is not performed with cold muscles, but only after a warm-up phase.
    • Also, do not perform this exercise if you have serious orthopedic problems or injuries.

    You can learn how to stretch in the following video:

    Vaginal discharge

    The vagina does not have its own glands, meaning it does not produce secretions like glands do. All vaginal secretions depend solely on mucus production by the cervical canal and blood exchange in the vessels surrounding the vagina. There is also the secretion of the vestibular glands, which are located at the entrance to the vagina. During sexual intercourse, especially during arousal, a special substance similar to male smegma (male penile sebum) is secreted from the vestibular glands. For more information about vaginal discharge, see the articles: Vaginal discharge and normal smear.

    Myths about Canadian yogurt

    Canadian yogurt, recommended by many Ukrainian doctors for insertion into the vagina, can safely be included in the Guinness Book of Records in the section of ridiculous human absurdities due to its sheer deception. The product entered the Ukrainian market about 5-7 years ago. The advertising of this yogurt is accompanied by the claim that it was developed by a well-known Canadian or American professor. In fact, there is no well-known Canadian professor who developed this yogurt. Canadian and American yogurts have been in short supply in Canada for decades. Firstly, that is the case. Secondly, this 'miracle' yogurt is made in Ukraine, probably in some secret factories. Thirdly, you don't need to spend money and 'stick' it into your vagina because it doesn't cure anything. And fourthly, the vaginal microflora is not dominated by Acidophilus Lactobacillus.

    And now for some serious arguments. It has emerged that some immigrants from Israel and Ukraine registered a joint Ukrainian-Canadian business or company at a dubious address (an apartment in a Russian-Jewish neighborhood of Toronto) (thus paying high taxes on both sides avoid). This company resells various Middle Eastern goods to Ukraine (and then claims many of those goods are Canadian). Nobody produces 'Canadian' yogurt for Ukraine in Canada, because the product licensing system in this country is very serious and complicated, not to mention high costs, and exporting food from Canada abroad is far from easy. Behind the creation of 'Canadian yogurt' are the usual Ukrainian fraudsters who managed to deceive a large number of people and especially doctors, especially those who have forgotten how to think or do not know anything about the lactic acid bacteria in the vagina and their Patients eagerly 'prescribe' Canadian yogurt into the vagina: 'Give it into the vagina morning and evening'... You can laugh or cry...

    Why do women think less about penis length than men?

    There is a notion that girls prefer to have sex with men with larger penises.

    This myth has appeared in the media, where information is exaggerated to facilitate perception. The British Journal of Urology has published the following facts supported by research:

    It has been reported that most men's complexes focus on penis length, while the optimal size for women is one that does not cause discomfort.

    

    What penis size do women prefer?

    The researchers have now conducted a study with 50 women. According to the results, 45 participants said that the width of the organ was more important to them. They did not feel satisfied having sex with men with long or narrow penises.

    In another study, women were asked to visually evaluate male penises printed with a 3D printer using the most common parameters. The result angered the researchers and the men themselves:

    • For a long-term relationship, 75 out of 100 women chose a penis with the parameters: 12 cm thick and 15.5 cm long;
    • For a one-night adventure, they chose an organ with slightly larger dimensions: 12 cm in circumference and 16 in length.

    This suggests that men overestimate the importance of penis length, while for women it is more important to increase the volume of the penis during erection.

    A study by leading urologists shows that 67 % men complain for no reason that their penis is too small.

    Age-dependent norms

    The parameters of the penis change regularly over the course of life:

    Age (years)	Length (cm)
    	Average value (plus margin of error)	Mean minus maximum deviation - the value at which one can say that micropenia is present
    1-2 years	3.6 - 5.6	2,6
    5-7	5.1 - 6.9	3,7
    8-10	5,3 -7,3	3,8
    11-12	5.3 - 7.5	3,9
    Adolescents and adults	11.7 - 14.9	9,3

    During puberty, the penis is in an active growth phase. However, it should not be measured between ages 9 and 18 and compared to the average or to the size of other boys - penis growth is not uniform.

    For some adolescents, the active growth phase begins at the age of 9, while others only notice phallic growth at the age of 14. However, in most cases, the penis reaches the size of an adult male penis by the age of 18.

    After the age of 20, penis growth stops and does not change until old age. After the age of 60 and 70, the production of testosterone decreases and the erection weakens, so that the penis loses length and volume by around 1-2 centimeters.

    Another reason for the change in size of the penis after the age of 70 is that it is only used for urination.

    How to enlarge penis through exercise?

    None of the studies conducted confirm the effectiveness of exercises for permanent penis enlargement. Using penile stretching exercises can cause bruising, vascular damage, redness, numbness and swelling in the penile area. The consequence of penis enlargement through exercises can also be the inability to maintain an erection.

    Before the ligamentotomy, the patient is not allowed to eat anything in the evening or morning before the operation and is not allowed to drink water for two hours before the operation. Penis enlargement surgery is performed under intravenous anesthesia.

    During penis enlargement surgery, the doctor cuts the ligament that connects the pubic symphysis to the penis and loosens the inner part of the penis. Once the hidden part is exposed, the doctor secures it in place. The procedure takes up to half an hour.

    Temporary effects of penis enlargement may include pain, mild swelling, and bruising around the penis. If necessary, the surgeon may prescribe painkillers for a few days.

    Ligamentotomy or phalloplasty?

    To enlarge the penis, a ligamentotomy or phalloplasty is performed. Phalloplasty is performed only if strictly indicated (for micropenis, if the penis is damaged by trauma, after gender reassignment surgery).

    Unlike ligamentotomy, phalloplasty can have negative consequences. Possible complications of phalloplasty:

    • damage to the rectum or bladder;
    • necrosis of the displaced flap;
    • bleeding from the pelvis;
    • Prolonged need for a drain (a device that collects blood and fluid from the wound).

    After surgery, scarring may occur and mobility and sensitivity in the penile area may be reduced. When comparing the risks and possible complications, ligamentotomy is the best option.

    Visual leg extension

    Principles for choosing clothing if there are problems with the length of the lower limbs:

    1. Choose shoes with a high, stable heel (if there are no contraindications). The optimal shoe height is 7 cm. Avoid prolonged strain on the foot muscles to prevent varicose veins and bunions on the big toe.
    2. In winter, wear high or medium shin boots made from natural materials.
    3. The skirt length should be mini.
    4. Do not wear low-waisted dresses or thigh-high jeans.
    5. Do you prefer pants:
    • wrinkles from the knee;
    • classic;
    • Patterned pants with ribbed colors.
    1. Avoid contrasting colors in your wardrobe and large jewelry.
    2. Wear clothes in the same color scheme.
    3. Sandals in summer – white or beige, no stripes on the shins.

    Surgical extensions

    Indications for surgical lengthening:

    • Shortening of one or both limbs after a fracture;
    • Congenital malformations (dysplasia);
    • inability to walk independently;
    • disproportionality of limb length;
    • Plastic surgery to enlarge a person.

    Stages of the operation

    The operation is a dangerous and painful procedure due to the high risk of complications and the long rehabilitation period.

    

    The method is based on the use of the Ilizarov structure. Before the operation, the patient undergoes a general blood and urine test and an ECG and consults a specialist and a general practitioner.

    The patient must not take any blood-thinning medications, smoke or drink alcohol for 14 days and do not eat anything on the day of the operation.

    The lengthening is performed in an inpatient setting under general anesthesia using an external and internal fixation device. To lengthen it, the doctor breaks the femur or medically cuts the tibia and fibula.

    • Dissection of the bone and application of the Ilizarov apparatus.
    • Gradual enlargement of the limb. Extension begins 7 days after the osteotomy. The pace depends on the age and personality of the patient. The average bone growth is 1 mm per day.
    • Fixation is the time during which ossification of the result takes place. This phase can last between 6 and 18 months.

    The procedure takes up to 3 hours, depending on the extent of the work.

    The rehabilitation period after surgery is long and quite painful. In the first few weeks the patient remains in the hospital under medical care. On the 3rd to 5th day after the operation he can walk with crutches.

    Jelqing: massage for penis enlargement

    It is unlikely that there are many supporters of stretching self-massage, of which there is a form called jelking. But advertisements for this technique abound, and a training video is easy to find on the Internet, so it's worth mentioning. For a few months, you need to stretch your penis with your hands for 30-60 minutes every day, doing various exercises.

    The idea of mechanical extension was implemented in the form of extenders. The manufacturers offer their products to lengthen, straighten curvatures and enlarge the penis and point out that the external effect is used in many medical areas - orthopedics, orthodontics, surgery. They promise an extension of up to 7 cm within a year, but practice shows that a maximum of 2 cm can be expected. The principle of the device is to stretch the penis permanently and over a long period of time with a force of 200 to 1,100 grams. The extender is believed to stimulate the growth of additional cellular tissue, making the penis both longer and wider. The increase in tensile force leads to an adaptation of the tissue, which enlarges through cell division. The pulling force creates space between the cells of the penis and stimulates cell growth in the erectile tissue. The device should be worn while awake for three to 12 hours a day for at least six months. The time for massaging the penis can be divided, e.g. B. three times every three hours to give the penis a chance to recover and restore its natural blood supply. However, it is advisable to take 2-3 five-minute breaks during these three hours.

    Extenders differ in the way the head is attached - it can be a hinge, which is more traumatic, or a soft silicone band. The device usually consists of an anatomically shaped resistance ring, metal rods and soft bands that provide tension. A shoulder, hip or even knee strap is included to carry the design. Penis enlargement devices are made from hypoallergenic materials, often plastic and stainless steel. Although the design is lightweight and invisible under loose clothing, there are many pitfalls. It's not uncommon for the devices to pinch the penis, rub against the skin, or just cause pain. None of the providers warn against wearing the device at the airport as it would bounce back at customs. You should not use an extender if you have groin vein problems, urological problems, weak penile connective tissue, prostatitis, sexually transmitted diseases and a history of cancer. The device that allows penis enlargement is used from the age of 19. It should be noted that using the extender, even for a healthy person, is not as easy as the sellers claim. Not every man can get used to the constant feeling of his phallus being stretched. In addition, constantly putting on and taking off your clothes is a kind of stress factor. After penis enlargement surgery, wearing an extender is mandatory, otherwise the effect of the procedure will be zero. There have been cases where men have undergone surgery and been unable to use the extender despite being so strongly motivated. The minimum cost of the device starts at 5,000 rubles. Most often it is purchased in online stores of the most reputable brands – Canadian, American, Spanish and Danish.

    Do medications help enlarge the penis?

    Extenders can still provide results in some cases, albeit minimal. But it is unwise to trust the advertising of accompanying products - dietary supplements and herbal ointments, which are often offered as an addition to the course. Neither pills nor ointments have any effect on the growth of the erectile tissue. These remedies are no more useful than the dried leeches, Mayan earthworms and ram fat that folk medicine recommends for penis enlargement. As for growth hormones, they will only used with a doctor's prescription.. Taking growth hormones on your own does not lead to penis growth, but rather to dysfunction of internal organs. And athletes who use anabolic steroids to build muscle mass often suffer from a shrinking penis.

    If it is not genital dysmorphophobia, but actual penile underdevelopment due to a hormonal disorder, a specialist may prescribe hormone injections. This should be especially important for parents of boys - if a child's penis is significantly too small, he or she should see a doctor as early as possible. At the age of 10, the average size of a child's penis is 3.5 cm. In childhood, hormonal correction to enlarge the penis is quite effective.

    Determining the size in 4 steps

    Step 1 Take a piece of paper. Stand on it.

    Don't forget that the length of the foot starts from the ball of the heel!

    Step 2: Trace the foot (we recommend doing this in two steps for simplicity).

    

    Step 3: Measure the distance from the ball of your heel to the point that lies between your thumb and the adjacent toe.

    We recommend that you measure both feet and use the largest foot as a base so that there are no differences in size.

    Step 4: Subtract 8mm from the result (to account for the heel contact point - without this you get a vertical protrusion).

    

    

    Feet

    The fullness of a shoe is a value that measures the circumference of the foot from the widest part of the toe, i.e. where the bone protrudes.

    

    As a rule of thumb, when determining size these days, not only the length of the foot but also the width of the shoe is taken into account. Many people have normal fullness, but there are some exceptions, such as: B. wide or narrow feet. In this case, it can be difficult to find the right size without taking fullness into account.

    The English fullness system uses alphabetical numbering - for example A, B, C, D, E and F.

    In the Russian, French and European systems, the fullness is indicated by numbers. In Russia, the numbers denoting the width of men's and women's shoes range from 1 to 12 in 4 mm increments, while in Europe the gradation is 1 to 8 in 5 mm increments.

    

    The width of a shoe can be easily calculated using a formula:

    

    Did they understand that?

    We hope you found this article useful. We hope you don't make a mistake when choosing your footwear!

• Long legs, small body.
• Growth hormone supplements for men.
• Pronation and supination in anatomy.
• From where you can measure your leg length.
• Stamping the shoe inwards, how to repair it.
• Foot sizes for children.
• child's foot size.
• Baby foot size chart.