Child walking with clubfoot aged 2 years

There is an accurate method of detecting adenovirus infection through a blood test.

Table of contents

Tinnitus - causes, diagnosis, treatment
Tinnitus causes in ENT diseases
Tinnitus due to hypertension and hypertensive crisis
What is Adenovirus Infection?
Symptoms of adenovirus infection in children and their frequency

Tinnitus - causes, diagnosis, treatment

Neurologists and otolaryngologists at Yusupov Hospital often have to consult patients whose main complaint is tinnitus. Patients describe their sensations in different ways. The noise can manifest itself as a ringing, squeaking, humming, crackling, rattling, buzzing, hissing or hissing. The intensity is also different. Tinnitus is often accompanied by symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, unsteady gait, blurred vision and headaches. We look at the most common causes of tinnitus. Sign up for a consultation

Tinnitus causes in ENT diseases

Exudative otitis media is inflammation of the middle ear that causes fluid to collect in the cavity. It causes hearing loss, congestion, and swelling in the ear. Tinnitus occurs with head movements.
Damage to the eardrum. Causes: ear trauma, skull fracture, damage by foreign objects, various objects when cleaning the ear, loud noise (e.g. from an explosion). Damage to the eardrum causes severe pain, reduced hearing, tinnitus and a feeling of congestion.
otosclerosis. A disorder affecting the inner ear sac and bone mobility in the middle ear. It manifests itself in a deterioration in hearing, tinnitus, dizziness, tiredness and irritability.
Meniere's disease. This is an increase in fluid pressure in the inner ear. Ringing in the ears, dizziness, balance disorders, nausea and vomiting, sweating and drop in blood pressure.
twitching of the middle ear muscles. These small muscles regulate the sensitivity of the ear by changing the tension in the eardrum. Their frequent contractions cause tinnitus. They can even be heard by someone nearby: the sound is similar to the chirping of grasshoppers or cicadas.

In addition to ENT disorders, neurological abnormalities can also cause tinnitus. Let's take a look at the most common causes of tinnitus that neurologists treat.

Tinnitus due to hypertension and hypertensive crisis

High blood pressure (over 140/90 mmHg) leads to irregular blood flow to the inner ear. This stimulates the nerve endings in the inner ear, leading to tinnitus. In hypertension, this occurs most commonly during a hypertensive crisis — an attack of high blood pressure.

Other symptoms of hypertensive crisis:

What is Adenovirus Infection?

Now that we have established that adenovirus infection is a type of acute respiratory infection, let's take a closer look at it. The most important entry points for infection are the upper respiratory tract and, more rarely, the conjunctiva of the eyes. The virus has been observed to multiply at a tremendous rate and easily enters the bloodstream from the affected area and continues to spread throughout the body. In addition to the blood vessels, adenoviruses can also use the lymph nodes and lymphatic channels as a transmission route. The causative agent is a virus that contains a DNA molecule. The infection persists in the mucous membranes of the respiratory system and migrates to the intestine. Lymphatic tissue is also often infected. The conjunctiva of the eyes also signals that adenovirus 2 can be the culprit.

Adenoviruses most often enter the body through the air - the usual route for all ARI viruses. Contact infection is much less common. A child playing with a sick friend's toy and then rubbing their eyes is a common infection scenario. In reality, the human body has to defend itself against infectious diseases, with the help of the immune system. But in reality, a child's local immunity, weakened by the cold season, is not always able to withstand a virus at the main entrance gate. Also, due to age, general immunity is not sufficient to resist viral infection. Therefore, statistically, children get sick much more often than adults. Adenoviruses are responsible for about 17 % of all cases of acute respiratory disease. When you consider that there are more than 100 viral and bacterial pathogens, the total number is impressive 2 . Adenovirus infections almost always occur as an epidemic outbreak, that is, a group of children who are in contact with each other become ill. The virus can spread throughout the body and multiply stubbornly over a period of 1 to 3 weeks.

Symptoms of adenovirus infection in children and their frequency

Heavy, mucous nasal discharge;
throat sensitivity or redness of the mouth;
tongue swelling;
development of pharyngitis;
changes in the appearance of the tonsils;
swollen eyes and conjunctivitis;
Increasing intoxication – drowsiness, weakness, headache, decreased appetite and nausea;
diarrhea, especially in young children;
Fever up to 38-38.5° C.

After years of research into the various manifestations of acute respiratory viral infections, including adenoviruses, physicians have determined the frequency of certain symptoms that may indicate a particular virus.

The most common symptom is fever, which occurs in 96 % of cases.
In 88 % cases of adenovirus infection, pharyngitis develops, lasting an average of five days.
Cough occurs in 78 % of the children with adenovirus. Dry and wet coughs are about equally common.
Rhinitis with mucous nasal discharge occurs in 67 % of the cases.
Swelling of the cervical lymph nodes occurs in 60 % of the patients.
Rattles are heard in 36 % of the cases.
Slight enlargement of the tonsils occurs in 28 % of the children.
A third may experience complications. The inflammation can progress to bronchitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, and pneumonia.
Conjunctivitis is a rare but noticeable symptom of adenovirus infection, affecting one in five patients.
Intestinal disorders were identified in 22 % of the children, with a clear predominance in the first years of life, in infants and in children under three years 3 .

Parents should pay attention to the three stages of their child's symptoms, outlined in the checklist below. After the first section, a doctor should be consulted:

First symptoms of adenovirus infection. The fever has broken out, the child is no longer active and complains of a headache.
Spread to all respiratory organs. Cough, wheezing, sore throat, shortness of breath, runny nose and voice changes.
Further progression of the disease. The eyes become red and the mucous membranes become inflamed (conjunctivitis), gastrointestinal complaints, diarrhea and vomiting can occur 3 .