ankle-shin

Place the splint material on the lateral side of the leg at the level of the medial tibia, wrap it around the soleus surface of the foot, and then place it back on the medial side of the tibia.

pain in the ankle

There are many different causes for the development of ankle pain, which depend on age, lifestyle and the accompanying pathology. However, if there is no trauma, the development of pain in the ankle can indicate a number of pathologies - gout, bursitis, arthritis and many other problems. The most obvious causes of ankle pain are acute injuries (sprains, strains, fractures) caused by falls, traffic accidents, or sports and an active lifestyle.

Ankle pain itself varies widely: it can be sharp and burning, painful or throbbing, it can be gradual or sudden and intense. It is very important for the doctor to diagnose the cause of the ankle injury and select the necessary treatment. Based on the nature of the pain and the accompanying discomfort, symptoms and manifestations, it is possible to determine the main causes of the problems in the joints, as well as to determine the tactics of treatment, the scope of the necessary diagnostic procedures and the subsequent rehabilitation. Sometimes treatment only requires rest and protection, but in some cases only surgical treatment can save the day.

Causes of ankle pain and associated symptoms

The ankle is very complex. It consists of bones, cartilaginous structures and soft tissues (ligaments and tendons). Any injury or disease that affects the bones, joint surfaces, or ligaments can cause ankle pain. It is not always possible for the patient to relate the pain syndrome to previous events, injuries or illnesses, so the cause of the problem must be determined. Some of the most common causes of ankle pain include the following issues.

Ligament sprains – damage to one or more ligaments as a result of various traumas (fall, walking on uneven ground, sports). A quick twist or twisting of the ankle inward can damage the ligaments. The anterior ligament (talar-malofemoral ligament) is most commonly injured, resulting in severe, throbbing pain on the outside of the ankle. There is also bruising, swelling or instability of the joint. The medial ligaments are less frequently affected - the symptoms occur on the inside of the ankle.

Tendonitis is irritation and inflammation of the tendons that attach muscles to bone. Femoral tendinitis is most commonly associated with damage to the tendon that connects the thigh muscle to the bone on the outside of the ankle. It's not uncommon for these problems to appear after exercising or walking on uneven, slippery surfaces. With this type of injury, the ankle feels painful, and the feeling is annoying, dull, lasts for several weeks, and increases with walking and standing. There may be swelling and a popping sensation in the outer part of the ankle. Possible posterior tibial tendinitis, which is characterized by pain and swelling on the inside of the joint, with severe limitation of movement without treatment.

Osteoarthritis - age-related changes in the joint caused by the gradual destruction of cartilage and bones rubbing against each other. Injury to the Achilles tendon, which connects the muscles of the lower leg to the heel bone, causes a burning pain in the back of the ankle with tissue swelling and stiffness in the heel and calf. Such problems can occur with active sporting activities, when wearing ill-fitting shoes or with bony heel spurs. Arthritis often causes ankle pain when walking and at rest. Three types of osteoarthritis are possible at this point. Osteophytes (bony outgrowths) form over time, making movement difficult and causing discomfort. They are annoying and come on in episodes, gradually becoming constant and acute.

Non-pathological causes of edema

One of the main causes of edema is a disturbed water-salt balance, in which an excessive amount of fluid is retained in the body. In this case, people not only have swollen feet, but also a swollen face, which is especially visible under the eyes. This symptom is more pronounced after drinking a lot, including alcoholic beverages, or after eating a large meal – people often feel heavy in their legs after a meal. A low-salt diet helps restore balance and reduce swelling.

Swelling can be caused by undue stress on the feet, with both overexertion and lack of exercise being dangerous:

At the end of a hard day, after long hikes, etc., ankles often swell. The situation is aggravated by unsuitable footwear, especially in women with high, unstable heels. Therefore, people prone to this type of swelling need to choose their footwear very carefully and use special orthopedic insoles.

Sitting for long periods of time causes blood to move in the wrong direction around the body - it accumulates in the legs, causing swelling. Because of this, swollen ankles are a common problem for drivers, sedentary people, or people who travel a lot.

Non-pathological swelling differs from symptoms of the disease in that it subsides quickly and without a trace, and occurs irregularly. Often the sufferer can pinpoint the cause - a day on their feet, uncomfortable shoes, a long trip, and so on. If swollen feet occur regularly and are not caused by external factors, they can indicate a medical condition.

Swelling from injuries and bone problems

The ankle area is often injured, sometimes an unfortunate twisting of the leg is enough to severely damage the ligaments or the joint. Visible swelling is then one of the main symptoms of the injury. In this case, the swelling increases rapidly, the skin becomes red and painful. If an ankle injury is suspected, it is important to see a doctor as soon as possible and have an x-ray taken to rule out a fracture. It is important to immobilize the joint. Before visiting a trauma surgeon, you can apply an immobilizing bandage yourself (but not fix the bone or put a splint) and put ice on the painful area. The ankle joint swells more after an injury, so swelling may be more noticeable in the future after carrying weights.

Bone and joint problems are a common cause of ankle swelling in older people. It is therefore a common symptom of osteoarthritis and polyarticular diseases. In addition to swelling in the ankles, these disorders are also associated with excruciating pain, loss of joint mobility, and an inability to fully weight-bear the limb.

Treatment of leg pain (ankles, feet, toes)

Treating pain at home often helps relieve not only the pain but the other symptoms as well – leg swelling, cramps and discomfort. Treatment usually begins with addressing the factors causing the leg pain and caused other ailments. For example, you should stop exercising, at least temporarily, if your feet (feet, ankles, or toes) hurt during exercise. It is contraindicated to train 'through the pain'. It is important that you wear good quality and comfortable shoes. Supinators and other orthopedic aids help make walking more comfortable.

The application of cold, rest, foot massage and gentle, light exercise (e.g. tendon stretching) can help with leg pain, leg swelling or cramps. Over-the-counter pain relievers can be taken to relieve leg pain.

For swollen feet, legs and ankles you can raise your swollen feet slightly above heart level and sit like that for a while. If you do a sedentary job, get up every hour and walk around for a few minutes. Limit your salt intake.

If home remedies for foot pain (feet, ankles, toes), swollen feet, and other ailments are not having the desired effect, you should see a doctor. Specialist advice is necessary also if pain and swelling increase, signs of infection appear, skin becomes pale, tingling and numbness appear.

Bemer therapy

In our doctor's office Bemer therapy has proven to be the most effective treatment for all types of pain in our practice. BEMER therapy – is a Swiss-born electromagnetic physiotherapy whose main goal is to improve blood circulation.

The BEMER device consists of three components: an induction mattress aimed at general regeneration, a reinforced applicator – a device that allows you to act on a specific area, and a laser magnet, which has the strongest effect on the pain area.

Read more about Bemer therapy For a consultation or an appointment, please click here. If you would like to make an appointment, you can do so via the feedback form or by phone: +7-495-212-08-85

Diseases

• food poisoning
• abdominal pain
• nausea and vomiting
• Pain in the legs
• colds
• meningitis
• anemia
• weakness and fatigue
• insomnia
• flu
• muscle cramps
• catarrh
• Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
• dry mouth
• motion sickness or seasickness
• Strong weight loss

ailments and symptoms

• High body temperature
• Decreased immunity
• pain in different places
• Rapid weight loss or gain
• abnormalities of the stomach
• Frequent acute respiratory infections, acute viral respiratory infections
• Weakness, dizziness, malaise

If you have these symptoms, it could be a sign of illness, which is why we recommend seeing a specialist.

Diagnosis

our prices

• Consultation with a GP – from R1,500.
• Biochemical blood test (standard, 10 tests) - 2470p.
• Biochemical blood test (extended, 14 indicators) – 3.565p.
• General blood test – 675 p.
• ECG (Electrocardiography) - 1,500 pages
• General urine examination - 320 p.
• Pulse oximetry - 500 p.

Why is one leg swollen?

If the swelling is asymmetrical, then the cause lies directly in the affected limb. The swelling can be caused by a bruised leg or more serious injuries:

Venous edema is also usually unilateral. Varicose veins cause fluid buildup but are confined to an extremity where the blood vessels are affected. This is indicated by the characteristic network of veins.

Thrombophlebitis affects blood circulation and, at the same time, the drainage of fluid from the tissues. In this case, the swelling is accompanied by other unpleasant symptoms: fever, pain, thickening of the breech.

Why are both legs swollen?

If both lower limbs are swollen at the end of the day, it means there is excess fluid throughout the body. The most common causes of this condition are:

• Fever;
• Excessive hydration;
• Obesity;
• Uncomfortable shoes (tight, high heels, flat soles);
• flat feet;
• Improper nutrition (a lot of salty and spicy food);
• Prolonged standing on your feet or in an awkward posture.

In these cases, the fluid retention is caused by an abnormally distributed load. None of the above conditions are life-threatening, and the swelling goes down within a day or two. For some, it is enough to take off your shoes and rest, while others resort to folk remedies to relieve the discomfort. However, symmetrically swollen feet can also indicate more serious conditions that need urgent treatment.

Why are the ankles of the feet swollen in women?

Any swelling is a buildup of excess fluid in a specific area. One of the causes of foot swelling is a disorder. lymphatic drainage. Slow lymph flow can be caused by an infection, an injury, or a chronic illness.

The danger of slow lymph drainage is that toxins and breakdown products from dying cells stagnate at the site of swelling. The harmful substances slow down the cell renewal process.

Initial swelling caused by external factors can provoke serious diseases. Conversely, swollen ankles can also be caused by an underlying condition. Lymphatic congestion is caused by:

• defective venous valves;
• narrowing of blood vessels in the abdomen or pelvis;
• inflammation of the leg veins;
• Abnormalities of the kidneys, liver, blood vessels or heart.

The swellings can be symmetrical or unilateral. They have different origins and formation mechanisms. Symmetrical edema occurs on both legs and has the same shape and volume. Unilateral edema occurs in only one leg.

Symmetrical edema

Many people confuse swollen feet with tiredness in the evening. This is a big mistake and leads to serious diseases. Causes of swelling that can be treated:

pharmaceutical treatment.

Topical medications—cooling ointments, sprays, and gels—are used to soothe and reduce swelling. Their action is aimed at strengthening the vein walls and improving blood circulation, including capillary circulation.

If the swelling is caused by varicose veins, one of the best remedies is Essaven gel.

It has a comprehensive therapeutic and preventive effect:

• escin Its composition tightens blood vessels and improves blood flow;
• heparin antithrombotic effect;
• phospholipids improve blood circulation.

The gel has cooling properties and reduces swelling and pain. Venitan and other horse chestnut ointments also strengthen blood vessels and regulate microcirculation.

Swollen ankles can be treated with diuretics, but these should be taken cautiously and on the advice of a doctor. When swollen ankles are due to poor heart function or high blood pressure, potassium-sparing medications such as veroshpirone are prescribed. Mild herbal diuretics are used during pregnancy - such as B. eufillin, Kanefron, phytolysin.

Even a single case of edema should not go unnoticed. All external factors that trigger them are an indication of a pre-existing disorder in the body.

Who is at risk and why

The risk factors for atherosclerosis of the lower limbs are no different from those for other affected areas. The following are therefore still particularly at risk:

• smoker,
• High blood pressure,
• a sedentary lifestyle,
• Obesity,
• high cholesterol,
• 'vascular' inheritance (stroke, heart attack, atherosclerosis)
• and an age of over 50 years.

According to current opinion, the accumulation of cholesterol in the vessel wall is the result of already existing damage to the vessel. This is because, according to current opinion, the accumulation of cholesterol in the vascular wall is a consequence of already existing vascular damage.

'Bad' cholesterol is delivered to the site of existing tears in the microvascular wall to 'repair' the damage. However, when there is too much bad cholesterol, instead of a patch, atherosclerotic plaques form.

Contrary to popular belief, excess cholesterol in the body has little to do with fatty foods. It is caused by disorders of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism (obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes, hypothyroidism and other diseases), decreased levels of sex hormones and liver disease (the site of cholesterol synthesis).

It turns out that the age-related risks are due to the hormonal background, liver disease and age-related vascular changes (brittleness of the vascular wall due to impaired collagen and elastin synthesis). And disorders of lipid metabolism, smoking and high blood pressure only accelerate the process of vascular degradation.

What you should know

Given the above risk factors, atherosclerosis can appear as early as 30 years of age or even earlier. And to spot a problem early, it's enough to 'be on guard':

As well as the ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (the earliest, still 'pre-cholesterol', marker for vascular damage).

Clinical laboratory diagnostician, oncologist, scientific advisor of the KDL laboratory. Professional experience of 15 years.

Treatment of foot swelling

How to relieve swollen feet? First of all, you don't just have to treat the swelling: without treating the cause of the swelling, any treatment will only have a temporary effect and the swelling will return.

Only a doctor can tell you what to do about swollen feet. Only he, based on all the analyzes and the patient's medical history, can prescribe the most appropriate treatment. As a rule, the process begins with conservative therapy, which can significantly improve the patient's quality of life.

If the examination reveals abnormalities in the kidneys or heart muscle, the therapist will prescribe diuretic, antihypertensive and immunosuppressive drugs.

Varicose veins that cause permanent swelling of the legs are treated with phleboprotectors and venotonics. These drugs can strengthen the walls of the blood vessels in the legs and normalize blood flow. Special ointments and compression clothing can relieve the discomfort caused by the swelling.

Joint diseases also often lead to swelling of the soft tissues around the joints. If an X-ray shows abnormalities in the cartilage tissue, the patient will be prescribed nonsteroidal drugs to reduce the inflammation. These can be ointments, tablets or injections. In some cases, the patient is also prescribed additional therapeutic treatments and massage.

For local infections, an antibacterial, antiviral, or antifungal agent is prescribed.

The benefits of the lymphatic drainage massage should not be ignored. This treatment helps to activate the metabolism and lymphatic drainage, which significantly reduces swelling.

In addition, the doctor may recommend a special diet. This is especially true for patients whose edema is caused by improper diet, being overweight or underweight. It's important to reduce the amount of fluids you consume during the day and limit excessive consumption of salty, spicy and fried foods. The patient should reconsider his daily diet and eat plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables. Dill, parsley and celery can be eaten for edema - a salad prepared with these herbs has an anti-edema effect.

Prevention of leg swelling

As with any condition, leg edema is easier to prevent than to treat its advanced forms. To do this, it is important to observe the following rules:

• Be aware of your food. The best solution is to eliminate all potassium-rich foods from your diet;
• avoid uncomfortable, tight shoes;
• Watch your feet when sitting: do not pinch your feet or stack them on top of each other for long periods of time;
• regularly massage your feet and legs;
• Make it a habit to take contrast showers;
• Remember to be physically active: walk, swim, and do aerobics to strengthen the muscles, blood vessels, and ligaments in your legs;
• When sleeping, place a pillow under your legs so that they are at heart level. In this way, swelling can be temporarily relieved;
• it is important to break all bad habits.

One often only thinks about foot health when an unpleasant and painful swelling has occurred. A well-planned visit to the doctor, breaking bad habits and eating right will keep your feet healthy for as long as possible!

contraindications

Injuries (e.g. some minor sprains) where immediate restriction of range of motion or stress on the joint is not advisable.

*The indications for using a U-shaped splint and an immobilizing cast are the same. (See also Overview of Fractures [ Overview of Fracture Treatments A fracture is a break in the continuity of a bone. Most fractures result from a single significant force applied to a normal bone. In addition to fractures, there are also musculoskeletal injuries. Read more information ]). Although a cast is the definitive treatment, temporary splinting is often recommended for some injuries until the swelling has gone down. A cast may be preferred in situations where the leg can bear weight and the ankle should definitely be immobilized for more than 1-2 weeks. However, in situations where permanent immobilization is not required, an immobilization shoe may be preferred.

complications

A patch or fiberglass splinting material* 10-15 cm wide (wide enough to cover the area from the heel bone to the heads of the metatarsal bones on the sole surface and long enough to reach from side to side and below the head of the fibula around to run around the heel bone).

*Fiberglass and plaster of paris are usually supplied as single ply rolls, however there are commercially available pre-cast track rolls containing multiple plies of fibreglass/gypsum and padding.

What is the LPI used for?

The LPI helps to objectively assess the severity of arterial disease in the legs. In some cases, the LPI can be used to monitor the progression of the disease as well as to evaluate the surgical treatment performed.

The LPI is measured in a similar way to standard blood pressure (BP), except that in addition to measuring blood pressure in the arms, blood pressure in the legs is also measured. To determine the LPI, a special ultrasound device, a Doppler or duplex scanner, is used to accurately record the blood flow in the arteries of the limbs. Blood pressure is measured in the supine position. When the cuff is applied to the lower leg or upper arm, the arteries stop bleeding. If the cuff is slowly deflated while the first pulse wave travels through the arteries, the systolic blood pressure is recorded, which is used in subsequent LPI calculations. Some patients may feel uncomfortable or painful with the arm or leg under the cuff, but this is only a temporary discomfort. The duration of the procedure is

To date, no harmful effects of ultrasound on the adult body have been identified. Using ultrasonic waves to determine LPI is completely safe.

What is the normal LPI and what values can patients with atherosclerosis have?

The LPI of a healthy person is between 0.9 and 1.2. Patients suffering from lower extremity atherosclerosis have a lower LPI score of +7 (812) 962-92-91 and make an appointment that suits you.

You will undergo surgical treatment in our center. Your surgical preparation consists of a comprehensive preoperative examination. Please see the links below for a list of the tests you will need to undergo.

• List of examinations and tests for admission to the hospital
• Preparing for surgery
• Preparation for the ultrasound scan
• Arrangements for hospital admission

• tibia and fibula.
• Why the shin hurts.
• Take off the ankles.
• What is the connection between the femur and tibia?.
• Ankle ligament strain, ICD.
• Photo of the ankle.
• ankle where.
• How do you treat a sprained ankle?.